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\title{Performance of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Modified Stator Winding}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Mr..  C.Saravanan}

             \author[2]{A.Mohamed  Azarudeen}

             \author[3]{  S.Selvakumar}

             \affil[1]{  Tagore Engineering College/ Anna University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 7 February 2012 Accepted: 29 February 2012 Published: 15 March 2012}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


Induction machine is an important class of electrical machines which finds wide applications as a motor in industry and in its single phase form in several domestic applications. More than 85% of industrial motors in use today are in fact induction motors. The minimization of electrical energy consumption through better motor design becomes a major concern. This paper proposes a novel technique to improve the performance of induction motor. By using a modified stator winding arrangement the efficiency has been improved by 7% and tested in laboratory. Experimental results and simulations have been presented to validate the results.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{Induction motor, Squirrel cage and Mathematical modeling}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
nduction motor drives with cage-type machines have been the work-horses in the industry for variablespeed applications in a wide power range that covers fractional horse-power to megawatts. These applications include pumps and fans, paper and textile mills, subway and locomotive propulsions, electric and hybrid vehicles, machine tools and robotics, home appliances, heat pumps and air-conditioners, rolling mills, wind generation systems, etc. In addition to the process control, the energy saving aspect of variablefrequency drives is getting a lot of applications nowadays.\par
During the last few years, the significance of the squirrel cage induction motors in speed and position controlled drives have grown drastically. In recent years due to the advances in the development of high speed computers and power electronics technology with associated high speed microcontrollers, AC drive systems have been a viable alternative to DC machines for variable speed applications. This increased interest in induction motors is because of its merits over the other types of industrial motors [1].\par
These merits include: lightness, simplicity, ruggedness less initial cost, high torque-inertia ratio, capability of much higher speed, ease of maintenance etc. Moreover the most important feature which makes the induction motor most viable alternative to DC drive system is its cost per KVA which is approximately one fifth of that of DC motor and its suitability in hostile environment. Thus in the present situation induction motor consumes large amount of electric power and an increase in the efficiency of the motor will reduce the consumption of the electric power which in turn further reduces its cost  {\ref [2]}.\par
The major losses in the induction motor are in the stator windings in terms of stator copper loss. This paper proposes a novel method of reducing the stator copper loss by using modified stator winding arrangement.\par
The design of motor is done by increasing the active material part in the motor. Using active material effectively will increase the efficiency of the motor to a considerable extent. The proposed motor is modeled and simulated with the help of SIMULINK model. \hyperref[b0]{[3]} Alternating current supplied to the primary winding from an electric power system includes an opposing current in the secondary winding, when the latter is short circuited or closed through external impedance. Relative motion between the primary and secondary structure is produced by electromagnetic forces corresponding to the power transferred across the air gap by induction.\par
The essential feature which distinguishes the induction machine from other type of electric motors is that the secondary currents are created solely by induction, as in a transformer instead of being supplied by a DC exciter. The equivalent circuit of the induction motor is very similar to that of a transformer. The rotor currents are at a slip frequency and it is incorporated into the circuit in a simple way \hyperref[b1]{[4]}.\par
The efficiency of the motor is increased by using multi-strand with multi turn coils in the stator winding. Two conductors separated from each other by a pole pitch form one turn. Multi strand with multi-turn coils will increase the area of the conductors in a slot. This increases the active material present in the stator winding resulting in increase of efficiency. The reductionI Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Volume XII Issue v v v v V Version I 1 ( D D D D )\par
in the stator resistance is explained by the following equations:\par
The resistance of stator winding with single strand with multi turn coil, R= l/A Where, R= Resistance of the stator winding and The stator of the induction motor is energized by applying rated voltage at rated frequency. The corresponding input power per phase and line current is measured accurately under no-load conditions. 
\section[{c) Locked Rotor Test}]{c) Locked Rotor Test}\par
The rotor of the induction motor is locked to keep it at standstill and a low voltage is applied to circulate rated stator currents. Input power per phase is measured along with the input voltage and the stator current. The slip is unity for the locked rotor condition and hence the circuit resembles that of a secondaryshorted transformer. 
\section[{d) Efficiency of Induction Motor}]{d) Efficiency of Induction Motor}\par
In an induction motor the total losses consist of copper losses, core losses and friction and windage losses are occurred. There are copper losses and core losses in the stator, and copper losses and friction losses in the rotor. Actually there is some core losses in the rotor. Under operating conditions, however, the rotor frequency is so low that it may logically be assumed that all core losses occur in the stator only. The efficiency of induction motor is determined by loading the motor and measuring the input and output directly. 
\section[{= Poutput/Pinput}]{= Poutput/Pinput} 
\section[{Fig.1 : Efficiency characteristics of induction motor e) Power Factor of Induction Motor}]{Fig.1 : Efficiency characteristics of induction motor e) Power Factor of Induction Motor}\par
When the winding is changed from single strand with multi turn coil into multi strands multi-turn coil the power factor increases from 0.8 to 0.85. 
\section[{Fig.2 : Power factor of induction motor}]{Fig.2 : Power factor of induction motor}\par
The slip is chosen in place of rotor speed as it is non dimensional and so it is applicable to any motor frequency. Near the synchronous speed, at low slips, the torque is linear and is proportional to slip beyond the maximum torque the torque is approximately inversely proportional to slip.\par
Torque and speed characteristics are obtained from this model. A three phase motor rated 3hp, 410V, 1440 rpm is fed by a sinusoidal PWM inverter. The base frequency of the sinusoidal reference wave is 50Hz. The PWM inverter is built entirely with standard SIMULINK blocks. Its output goes through controlled voltage source blocks before being applied to the asynchronous machine block's stator windings. The machine's rotor is short circuited. Its stator leakage inductance is set to twice its actual value to simulate the effect of a smoothing reactor placed between the inverter and the machine. The load torque applied to the machine's shaft is kept constant. The motor is started from standstill. The speed set point is set to 1.0pu, or 1440 rpm. This speed is reached after 0.8s. 
\section[{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}]{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}\par
The noise introduced by the PWM inverter is also observed in the electromagnetic torque waveform. However, the motor's inertia prevents this noise from appearing in the motor's speed waveform. a) Rotor speed of an induction motor Figure \hyperref[fig_2]{4} \& 5 shows the rotor speed curve of winding with the single strand with multi turn coil and multi strand with multi turn coil of the induction motor respectively. The rotor speed is gradually increased to the rated speed.  In Fig. \hyperref[fig_4]{6}. the time response of electromagnetic torque of three-phase induction motor is expressed. The electromagnetic torque of three-phase induction motor is firstly variable in 0 to 0.4 second. The rated torque is reached at 0.8 seconds.     A novel method to increase the efficiency of three phase squirrel cage induction motor is new. The dynamic simulation of the motor is performed by its mathematical modeling. The stator copper loss is minimized by using modified stator winding arrangement. The hardware is proposed after doing the above modifications and thus the efficiency of the motor is increased, the motor is also modeled and simulated with the help of the MATLAB SIMULINK model.  
\section[{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}]{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}VolumeFig. 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Fig. 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Fig. 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}VolumeFig. 6 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{7}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}Fig. 7 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{8}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_6}Fig. 8 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{9}\includegraphics[]{image-9.png}
\caption{\label{fig_7}Fig. 9 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-10.png}
\caption{\label{fig_8}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4063414634146341\textwidth}P{0.1824390243902439\textwidth}P{0.26121951219512196\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep Motor\tabcellsep \\
Parameters\tabcellsep Existing\tabcellsep Motor with modified\\
\tabcellsep motor\tabcellsep stator winding.\\
Voltage\tabcellsep 410v\tabcellsep 410v\\
Frequency\tabcellsep 50Hz\tabcellsep 50Hz\\
Efficiency\tabcellsep 80.7\%\tabcellsep 87.8\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Stator copper loss 240w}\tabcellsep 83w\\
Rotor copper loss\tabcellsep 120w\tabcellsep 107w\\
Fixed loss\tabcellsep 167w\tabcellsep 167w\\
Power factor\tabcellsep 0.79\tabcellsep 0.85\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: shows the comparison of efficiency and losses for the existing motor and new motor. The efficiency is increased in the new motor.]} 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Ogbonnaya Inya]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{Dynamic and Thermal modelling of induction machine with non-linear effects},  		 			Okoro Ogbonnaya Inya 		.  		 	 
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\end{document}
