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\title{A Compact L-slot Microstrip Antenna for Quad band Applications in Wireless Communication}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{  B.Mazumdar}

             \author[2]{ujjal  chakraborty}

             \author[3]{  S.K.Chowdhury}

             \affil[1]{  NIT,Durgapur}

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\date{\small \em Received: 7 February 2012 Accepted: 2 March 2012 Published: 15 March 2012}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


A single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna for quad band applications has been designed and developed. This antenna is incorporated by four L-shaped slot structure along the length on the patch. Four resonating frequencies are obtained at 1.845 GHz with return loss -21.19 dB, 2.59 GHz with return loss -17.69 dB, 3.29 GHz with return loss -21.56 dB and 4.825 GHz with return loss -22.31 dB. The size of the antenna has been reduced by 77.3% when compared to a conventional microstrip patch without slot. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern and gain of the proposed antenna has been given in this paper. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D.The simple configuration and low profile nature of the proposed antenna leads to easy fabrication and multi frequency operation makes it suitable for the applications in Wireless Communication system.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{Compact, patch antenna, Quad band, slot.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{INTRODUCTION}]{INTRODUCTION}\par
esign of compact microstrip antenna has become an interesting topic of research in recent years due to the demand for small antennas in wireless communication systems \hyperref[b6]{[1]}\hyperref[b7]{[2]}\hyperref[b8]{[3]}\hyperref[b9]{[4]}\hyperref[b0]{[5]}. The development of antenna for wireless communication also requires an antenna with more than one operating frequency. Therefore one antena that has multiband characteristic is more desirable than having one antenna for each frequency band. Unlike normal antenna a defected structure introduces discontinuities on the signal plane and disturbs the shielded current distribution in signal plane \hyperref[b1]{[6]}.As a result apparent permittivity of the substrate varies as a function of frequency. The work to be presented in this paper is a compact microstrip antenna design obtained by the insertion of four L-shaped slot on the two sides of the patch.Two inverted slots are inserted on the left side and two slots are inserted on the right side (one inverted and one simple L slot) on the patch (Fig:  {\ref 2}).The work to be presented in this paper is directed towards the reduction of the size of the antenna as well as to operate the antenna in multi-frequencies. The proposed antenna (substrate with ?r=4.4) has four resonant frequencies and presents a size reduction of about 77.3\% when compared to a conventional rectangular microstrip patch The simulation has been carried out by IE3D software which uses the MoM method \hyperref[b5]{[10]}. Due to the Small size, low cost, low weight and multiband characteristics this antenna is a good candidate for application in Wireless communication system. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{ANTENNA STRUCTURE}]{ANTENNA STRUCTURE}\par
The configuration of the conventional antenna is shown in Figure  {\ref 1}. The antenna is a 24 mm x 18 mm rectangular patch. The substrate selected for this design is an FR4 epoxy with dielectric constant (?r) =4.4 and height of the substrate (h) =1.5875 mm. Co-axial probe feed of radius 0.5 mm with a simple ground plane arrangement is used at the point (0,-3) where the centre of the patch is considered at point (0, 0).Figure  {\ref 2} shows the configuration of proposed antenna which is designed with the similar substrate. The antenna is also a 24 mm x 18 mm rectangular patch. Four L-shape slots which are created on the rectangular patch (as shown in the figure  {\ref 2}). The location of the coaxial probe-feed (radius =0.   
\section[{SIMULATED RESULTS}]{SIMULATED RESULTS}\par
In this section, simulated return loss (of antenna 1 and 2) and normalized E-field and H-field radiation patterns (of antenna2) are shown. The simulated return loss of the conventional antenna (antenna 1) and the proposed antenna (antenna 2) are shown in fig.  {\ref 3}  
\section[{and fig 4 respectively.}]{and fig 4 respectively.}\par
In conventional antenna only one resonant frequency is obtained below -10 dB which is 3.725 GHz and the return loss was found to be about -28.  The simulated E plane and H plane radiation patterns for antenna 2 are shown in Figure  {\ref 5-8}.\par
Isolation between co-polarization and cross pola-rization is more than -15 dB for 1.845 GHz and it decreased with the increase of the frequency for 2.59 GHz and 3.29 GHz. 3 dB E-plane beamwidths are found to be reasonably good for all the cases.  
\section[{EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS}]{EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS}\par
The prototype of the antenna 1 (conventional) and antenna 2 (proposed antenna) was fabricated and tested, which are shown in Fig.  {\ref 9}    Comparisons between the measured return loss with the simulated ones are shown in Fig. 13 and 14. The agreement between the simulated and measured data is reasonably good. The discrepancy between the measured and simulated results is due to the effect of improper soldering of SMA connector or fabrication tolerance. \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{12}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Fig. 1 :FFig. 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{34}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Fig . 3 :Fig . 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{678}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}Fig . 6 :Fig . 7 :Fig. 8 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{10}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}Fig. 10 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{11}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_6}Fig . 11 :}\end{figure}
   			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter   			 
\subsection[{ACKNOWLEDGMENT}]{ACKNOWLEDGMENT}\par
We acknowledge gratefully the help provided by Prof. Santanu Das of BESU, Shibpur, West Bengal, India in the form of Network Analyzer measurement facility. 			  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Park (2003)]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{An equivalent circuit and modeling method for defected ground structures and its Application to the design of microwave circuits},  		 			J S Park 		.  		Nov. 2003.  	 
\bibitem[Zhao et al. ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		‘Compact wideslot tri band antenna for WLAN/WIMAX applications’.  		 			Q Zhao 		,  		 			S X Gong 		,  		 			W Jiang 		,  		 			B Yang 		,  		 			J Xie 		.  	 	 		\textit{Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters}  		2010. 18 p. .  	 	 (References Références Referencias) 
\bibitem[Wu et al. (2004)]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		‘Dual broadband design of rectangular slot antenna for 2.4 and 5 GHz wireless communication’.  		 			J.-W Wu 		,  		 			H.-M Hsiao 		,  		 			J.-H Lu 		,  		 			S.-H Chang 		.  	 	 		\textit{IET Electron. Lett}  		11th November 2004. 40  (23) .  	 
\bibitem[Gu et al. ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		‘Dualband monopole antenna with L-shaped strips for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN applications’.  		 			J.-H Gu 		,  		 			S S Zhong 		,  		 			L L Xue 		,  		 			Z Sun 		.  	 	 		\textit{Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett}  		2008. 50 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Hammerstad (1975)]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Equations for Microstrip Circuit De-sign’.  		 			E O Hammerstad 		.  	 	 		\textit{Proc. Fifth European Microwave Conf},  				 (Fifth European Microwave Conf)  		September 1975. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Ramesh et al. ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook},  		 			G Ramesh 		,  		 			P Bhartia 		,  		 			I Bahl 		,  		 			A Ittipiboon 		.  		2001. Norwood, MA: Artech House Inc.  	 
\bibitem[Jan and Tseng (2004)]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		‘Small planar monopole Antenna with a shorted parasitic inverted-L wire for Wireless communications in the 2.4, 5.2 and 5.8 GHz bands’.  		 			J Y Jan 		,  		 			L C Tseng 		.  	 	 		\textit{IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag}  		July 2004. 52  (7)  p. .  	 
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\end{document}