\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter \IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}% {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}% {\RequirePackage{color}} \usepackage{colortbl} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{ifxetex} \ifxetex \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{xunicode} \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash} \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{} \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}} \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}} \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}} \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}} \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono} \else \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}% {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} \PrerenderUnicode{–} }% {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{float} \usepackage[]{ucs} \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash } \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{} \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}} \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}} \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,} \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ } \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>} \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}} \def\textJapanese{} \def\textChinese{} \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{} \fi \def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small} \DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25} \usepackage{relsize} \RequirePackage{array} \def\@testpach{\@chclass \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@ \else \z@ \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}% \@chnum \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else \z@ \@chclass \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else \if \@nextchar !6 \else \if \@nextchar @7 \else \if \@nextchar (8 \else \if \@nextchar )9 \else 10 \@chnum \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else \if \@nextchar p4 \else \if \@nextchar b5 \else \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi} \gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr} \def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}} \def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}} \def\abbr{} \def\corr{} \def\expan{} \def\gap{} \def\orig{} \def\reg{} \def\ref{} \def\sic{} \def\persName{}\def\name{} \def\placeName{} \def\orgName{} \def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}} \def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}} \def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}} \def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}} \def\textquoted#1{‘#1’} \def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}} \def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}} \def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}} \def\titlem{\itshape} \newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{bibl}{}{} \newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par } \newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par } \newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par} \newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par} \newenvironment{rubric}{}{} \newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par } \newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}} \newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}} \definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75} \def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}} \DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@} \def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}} \begingroup \catcode`\_=\active \gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}} \endgroup \mathcode`\_=\string"8000 \catcode`\_=12\relax \usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry} \usepackage{framed} \definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} \usepackage{fancyvrb} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{marginnote} \renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1} \renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize} \def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif} \pagestyle{fancy} \usepackage[pdftitle={A New Approach for Calculating Average Value Including NullWithout Aggregate Function}, pdfauthor={}]{hyperref} \hyperbaseurl{} \paperwidth210mm \paperheight297mm \def\@pnumwidth{1.55em} \def\@tocrmarg {2.55em} \def\@dotsep{4.5} \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} \clubpenalty=8000 \emergencystretch 3em \hbadness=4000 \hyphenpenalty=400 \pretolerance=750 \tolerance=2000 \vbadness=4000 \widowpenalty=10000 \renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\Large}} \renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\large}} \renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\normalsize}} \renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}% {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% {-1em}% {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}} \def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt} \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par \endgroup} \def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}} \def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}} \def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}} \def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}} \@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{} \@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{} \newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue \def\chaptername{Chapter} \def\frontmatter{% \pagenumbering{roman} \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter} \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}} \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section} \def\theHsection{\roman{section}} \def\@chapapp{}% } \def\mainmatter{% \cleardoublepage \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter} \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \pagenumbering{arabic} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6} \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}% \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}} \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section} \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}} } \def\backmatter{% \cleardoublepage \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}% \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter} \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}} \appendix } \newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{% \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \@openbib@code \usecounter{enumiv}% \let\p@enumiv\@empty \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}% }% \sloppy \clubpenalty4000 \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty \widowpenalty4000% \sfcode`\.\@m}% {\def\@noitemerr {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}% \endlist} \def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}} \parskip0pt \parindent1em \def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}} \newenvironment{reflist}{% \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{} {% \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{sansreflist}{% \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{} {% \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}% \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2012-01-06 (revised: 06 January 2012)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2012-01-06} \title{A New Approach for Calculating Average Value Including NullWithout Aggregate Function} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Mridul Kanti Das} \author[2]{Goutam Biswas} \author[3]{Md. Masudur Rahman} \affil[1]{ } \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 2 December 2011 Accepted: 27 December 2011 Published: 6 January 2012} \maketitle \begin{abstract} An evaluation of aggregate functions in relational database system considerable impact on performance in many application areas like geographic information systems and statistical and scientific databases. The problem with existing systems is inefficient execution of aggregate functions with large data volumes and lack of flexibility. It is not possible to extend the systems with new aggregate (average) functions. We show how this could be implemented into a database. We also describe how support for special kinds of aggregate queries and data structures can help in designing future high performance systems. \end{abstract} \keywords{Aggregate Function, NULL, SQL, Boolean Algebra, Sub Queries.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{INTRODUCTION}]{INTRODUCTION}\par ggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value. Aggregate function avg( ) only calculate average without null values. It provides average result, eliminating null values. Null does not have a value (and is not a member of any data domain) but it is a placeholder or "mark" for missing information. Comparisons with Null can never result in either True or False but always in the third logical result is Unknown. So comparing two null is difficult. We discus about\par (1) review of the research for handling null values in database system using aggregate function \hyperref[b1]{(2)} problem structure with null value with respect to database (3) describes existing solution and proposed solution and its algorithm as well as how it works (4) details the experimental work that has been carried out. The experimental evaluation has been performed using a large amount of datasets. \section[{COMPARISON TABLE BETWEEN EXISTING AND PROPOSED SOLUTION}]{COMPARISON TABLE BETWEEN EXISTING AND PROPOSED SOLUTION}\par From comparison table we see that our propose system takes less times than existing system. By proposed system can reduce time and reduce the problem of existing system. To understand easily a graph chart is given below. \section[{VII. GRAPH OF EXISTING SOLUTION VS. PROPOSED SOLUTION}]{VII. GRAPH OF EXISTING SOLUTION VS. PROPOSED SOLUTION}\par Our propose solution is efficient to calculate average value with Null values from large amount of data.\par From the above graph Green bar indicates Existing solution time and Red Bar indicates proposed solution time. We see that in proposed system needs execution time less than existing system. VIII. \section[{CONCLUSION}]{CONCLUSION}\par At the age of globalization most of all bank already has been computerized. They store their customer information, balance, transaction etc. in database. And they need to calculate average number of transaction after a certain period of time. Even stock exchange Ltd. Hospital, Airlines etc. need to calculate average number of transaction frequently. So our proposed system will be best for them which can save their times.\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{bank} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.23470149253731346\textwidth}P{0.3076492537313433\textwidth}P{0.3076492537313433\textwidth}} VI.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Amount of\tabcellsep Existing solution\tabcellsep Proposed Solution\\ Data\tabcellsep Execution Time (sec)\tabcellsep Execution Time (sec)\\ 40000\tabcellsep 0.2840\tabcellsep 0.2460\\ 80000\tabcellsep 0.5720\tabcellsep 0.5040\\ 120000\tabcellsep 0.8440\tabcellsep 0.8250\\ 160000\tabcellsep 1.1841\tabcellsep 1.1591\\ 180000\tabcellsep 1.3301\tabcellsep 1.3011\\ 200000\tabcellsep 1.5511\tabcellsep 1.5011\\ 220000\tabcellsep 1.7511\tabcellsep 1.5781\\ 240000\tabcellsep 1.9371\tabcellsep 1.7641\\ 260000\tabcellsep 2.0601\tabcellsep 1.9671\\ 280000\tabcellsep 2.1851\tabcellsep 2.0762\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}Table bank}\end{figure} \footnote{© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \footnote{December} \footnote{Global I ) 2011 December ( A New Approach for Calculating Average Value (Including Null) Without Aggregate Function} \backmatter \par V. \subsection[{PERFORMANCE MEASURE TABLE OF PROPOSED SOLUTION}]{PERFORMANCE MEASURE TABLE OF PROPOSED SOLUTION}\par In this solution we see that if the number of data in database gradually increased then the execution time is increased. {\ref Built} \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[// d is a data table which like two dimensional //array, size is maximum data row]{b1}\label{b1} \textit{// d is a data table which like two dimensional //array, size is maximum data row}, \bibitem[Codd (1970)]{b5}\label{b5} ‘A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks’. E F Codd . \textit{Communications of the ACM} June 1970. 13 (6) p. . \bibitem[Algorithm Average_WN (d, Avg, size )]{b0}\label{b0} \textit{Algorithm Average\textunderscore WN (d, Avg, size )}, \bibitem[Analytic Functions from Oracle® Database SQL Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part Number]{b7}\label{b7} \textit{Analytic Functions from Oracle® Database SQL Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part Number}, B10759-01. \bibitem[Avg:=sum/size ; 25]{b4}\label{b4} \textit{Avg:=sum/size ; 25}, 23. \} 24. (Print AVG) \bibitem[Comparing Tables By Bill Graziano on 07 (2002)]{b9}\label{b9} \textit{Comparing Tables By Bill Graziano on 07}, January 2002. \bibitem[December A New Approach for Calculating Average Value (Including Null) Without Aggregate Function 3. Jeff Smith is software developer, he using UNION operator comparing NULL values to other NULLs]{b6}\label{b6} \textit{December A New Approach for Calculating Average Value (Including Null) Without Aggregate Function 3. Jeff Smith is software developer, he using UNION operator comparing NULL values to other NULLs}, \url{www.weblogs.sqlteam.com} \bibitem[If( size mod 2=1) 18. { 19. If(size=1) then 20. sum := sum + d]{b3}\label{b3} \textit{If( size mod 2=1) 18. \{ 19. If(size=1) then 20. sum := sum + d}, 17. \bibitem[Baekgraard and Mark (1995)]{b8}\label{b8} ‘Incremental computation of nested relational query expression’. L Baekgraard , L Mark . \textit{ACM TODS} June 1995. 20 (2) p. . \bibitem[size of data table]{b2}\label{b2} \textit{size of data table}, \bibitem[SQL Functions from Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide 8 Structured Query Language (SQL)". International Business Machines (2006)]{b10}\label{b10} ‘SQL Functions from Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide 8’. \textit{Structured Query Language (SQL)". International Business Machines}, October 27. 2006. 2007-06-10. \end{bibitemlist} \end{document}