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\title{Investigation of Various Forms of Maintenance Problems Associated with Federal Housing Estate in Lagos State, Nigeria}
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             \author[1]{Akinola Victoria  Olufunke}

             \author[2]{Akinola Joseph  Aderemi}

             \affil[1]{  Federal University of Technology}

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\date{\small \em Received: 11 December 2019 Accepted: 31 December 2019 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Maintenance facility in public buildings has increased rapidly among other business organizations, and thus aim to be one of leading factors in the world. Shelter has been universally accepted as the second important essential human needs after food. Housing in all ramifications is more than mere shelter as it embraces social services and utilities that make communities a livable environment. Efficient housing design is becoming imperative in urban centres; because it is an essential and fundamental component of the overall land activities in rural and urban areas. The aim of the study is to investigate various maintenance problems associated with Federal Housing Estate at AdeolaOdeku, in Lagos State. With a view to determining the effectiveness of maintenance strategies adopted and evolving good maintenance practices suitable for public estates in Nigeria. Data were obtained through reconnaissance, while surveys conducted on 6 blocks and occupiers were selected randomly

\end{abstract}


\keywords{maintenance facility, maintenance strategy, public buildings, housing projects, shelter}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
Abstract-Maintenance facility in public buildings has increased rapidly among other business organizations, and thus aim to be one of leading factors in the world. Shelter has been universally accepted as the second important essential human needs after food. Housing in all ramifications is more than mere shelter as it embraces social services and utilities that make communities a livable environment. Efficient housing design is becoming imperative in urban centres; because it is an essential and fundamental component of the overall land activities in rural and urban areas. The aim of the study is to investigate various maintenance problems associated with Federal Housing Estate at AdeolaOdeku, in Lagos State. With a view to determining the effectiveness of maintenance strategies adopted and evolving good maintenance practices suitable for public estates in Nigeria. Data were obtained through reconnaissance, while surveys conducted on 6 blocks and occupiers were selected randomly. A total of 90 questionnaires were distributed to the occupants, that is 15 questionnaires per block. Data collected were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. Twenty factors were identified as the major maintenance problems associated with the Federal Housing Estate. Likert scale were used for collection of data while the results were analyzed using Mean Score and Standard Deviation. Findings revealed that leakages of pipes were rated first with mean value of 3.72, followed by faulty plumbing (3.64), elevator mechanical problems 3 rd (3.40), windows/doors 4 th (2.30), effect of leaking overflow 5 th (2.07), settlement of concrete floor 6 th (2.00) and bulging walls 7 th (1.97) while electrical fittings, mechanical problems with A.C. and poor coordination of ventilation points were the least three problems with mean value of (1.39, 1.42 and 1.48). Thus maintenance strategies adopted are; corrective maintenance, planned preventive maintenance, condition-based maintenance, time-based maintenance. The research concluded that the effectiveness of maintenance strategies adopted in solving maintenance problems in the estate is excellence. The study recommended that housing project deserve to be cared for and preserved in order that its functionality and aesthetics will be better appreciated by the purpose it is designed and built for. 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he lives of buildings are difficult to assess as all properties have, from the date of their erection, been the subject of varying amounts and standards of maintenance, besides being constructed to different standards. "Most buildings are constructed with the intention that they should last at least 60 years and many exceed this period" \hyperref[b8]{(Drake, 2008)}. Defects in the fabric of a building can result from "unrelated design decisions, unsuitable materials, incorrect assessment of loads, inadequate appreciation of conditions of use and inadequate assessment of exposure" \hyperref[b6]{(Cheetham, 2007)}.\par
According to \hyperref[b12]{James (2009)}, "there has been proliferation of contract forms, and much research work has taken place concerning the appropriateness of each for repair, maintenance and refurbishment work". "Maintenance units use a combination of in-house maintenance forces and private contract resources to perform their maintenance activities" \hyperref[b12]{(James, 2009)}. The appropriate maintenance outsourcing activities which should be contracted need to be determined. Some maintenance contractors may possess expertise that is not available within each unit. However, it requires additional expenses to administer maintenance outsourcing contracts, and this will need to be weighed against potential benefits.\par
Maintenance is a continuous operation to keep building, infrastructure, and equipment in the best form for use  {\ref (Akasah et al., 2009)}. It is also to ensure the facilities are in a good condition for a life time. In achieving the sustainability of facilities condition, maintenance management required the efficiency and effectiveness for strategic planning. Building Maintenance is the work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e. every part of a building, its services and surrounds to a currently acceptable standard, and to sustain the utility and value of the building  {\ref (Mills,2010)}. A more functional definition is that "Maintenance is synonymous with controlling the condition of a building so that its pattern lies within specified regions" \hyperref[b15]{(Shear, 2003)}.\par
The purpose of carrying out maintenance over property is to retain its values for investment, aesthetic, safety, durability, with a view to ensuring that the property is continually in good condition for habitation and to the satisfaction of the owner(s)/users and communal prestige \hyperref[b4]{(Brennan, 2000)}. Housing maintenance becomes more difficult according to age of the structure and this depends on the quality of the original building coupled with the rate of maintenance of the structure  {\ref (Adenuga, 1999)}. Maintenance of building received little attention from the users, designers and contractors \hyperref[b10]{(Ipingbemi, 2010)}.\par
However, most property owners sometimes keep maintenance expenditure to the least, eliminating the consequences of the long term effect of such action. On the part of the designers, they do not put into consideration durability of the materials and its serviceability before inclusion in the designs \hyperref[b13]{(Kunya, 2012)}.\par
The aim of this papper is to investigate maintenance problems associated with the Federal Housing Estate in AdeolaOdeku, Lagos State and strategies adopted for the maintenance of the Estate II. 
\section[{Literature Review a) Concept of Maintenance}]{Literature Review a) Concept of Maintenance}\par
Maintenance is primarily to preserve buildings in their initial functional, structural and aesthetic states so that they continue to remain as such and retain their investment value over a long period of existence. According to \hyperref[b8]{Drake (2008)}, it denotes all actions carriedout on a building after completion to preserve it in its initial state, starting from the defects liability period of the building to its disposal. With appropriate maintenance, the building's economic life is prolonged. However, a cursory look into some public buildings around reveals array of abandoned and epileptically functioning facilities. The malfunctioning of the facilities in most public buildings is a consequence of inadequate maintenance and/or poor management of the facilities.\par
BS 3811: explained that maintenance is the work or a combination of actions associated with initiation, organization and implementation carried out to retain an item in or restore it to an acceptable standard in which it can perform its required function. Hence, \hyperref[b13]{Kunya (2012)} observed the defects in housing facilities and categorizes them as peeling of wall surface, rising dampness in substructure, floor slab failure and doors and windows defect, leaking roof while foundation failure and Sagging of beam. He further advocated that maintenance culture requires the correct diagnosis of defects, current remedial measures, sound technical knowledge of material usage, management resources as well as the formulation and implementation of integrated plan and policies to sustain utility.\par
Housing maintenance becomes more difficult according to age of the structure and this depends on the quality of the original building coupled with the rate of maintenance of the structure  {\ref (Adenuga, 1999)}. It should be noted that the maintenance objective is to preserve buildings in their initial functional, structural and aesthetic states. This is to ensure that they continue to remain in such state and retain their investment value over a long period of existence \hyperref[b10]{(Ipingbemi, 2010)}. Most property owners sometimes endeavor to keep maintenance expenditure to the least, eliminating the consequences of the long term effect of such action. On the part of the designers, they may forget the durability of the materials and its serviceability before including them in their designs \hyperref[b1]{(Adejimi, 2005)}  
\section[{i. Repairs}]{i. Repairs}\par
This is usually incorporated in a lease which attempts to indicate various standards such as substantial repair, good and tenantable repairs, good and substantial repairs. The word "repair" is adequate on its own and refers to the making of good, what is bad in buildings and their physical environment. 
\section[{ii. Renovation}]{ii. Renovation}\par
This consists of work done to restore a building, services and equipment by major overhaul to the original design or to improve on the original design. It could also include extensions and modifications. This could come in the form of a refurbishment which is the process of refitting an existing building to make it as good as new. 
\section[{iii. Rehabilitation}]{iii. Rehabilitation}\par
This is an extensive work and modernization designed to upgrade a building to a modern standard, it also comes with rehabilitating the landscaped environment. 
\section[{iv. Replacement}]{iv. Replacement}\par
This inevitably occurs because of wear and tear on materials of components of a building as a result of usage. This decay or deterioration of materials and building components is usually seen in the frequent occurrence of breakdowns and offensive appearance. The frequency of replacement could often be reduced by the use of better quality materials, but the economics of this merit should be carefully studied. Replacement generally attributed to the intensity of the building components which eventually leads to the wear and tear of the building and subsequent breakdown of other facilities. Replacement as a term refers to the changing of the broken down or deteriorated building components with those component parts that are functional. 
\section[{v. Rectification}]{v. Rectification}\par
This usually occurs in the early life of the housing. It is usually done to correct some shortcomings inherited from the initial design. It could involve the replacement of unsuitable parts of equipment or components which are faulty due to poor installation and incorrect assembly.\par
vi. Servicing This essentially is a cleaning operation undertaken at frequent intervals. It usually deals with the prevention and ability to keep the equipment or property in a sound operating condition. It could be termed "dayto-day maintenance" as it involves day-to-day maintenance activities such as polishing, sweeping, painting of floors, doors, windows etc. It is also extended to services available within or outside the building. 
\section[{d) Maintenance Strategy}]{d) Maintenance Strategy}\par
Maintenance strategy is a systematic approach to upkeep the facilities and equipment and it varies from facility to facility. It involves identification, researching and execution of many repairs, replace and inspect decisions and is concerned with formulating the best life plan for each unit of the building, in coordination with production and other functions concerned  {\ref (Crepo and Gupta 2005)}. It describes what events (e.g. failure, passing of time, condition) trigger what type of maintenance action (inspection, repair or replacement). Thus, selecting the best sustainable maintenance strategy depends on several factors such as the goals of maintenance, the nature of the facility or the equipment to be maintained, work flow patterns (process focus, product focus) and the work environment \hyperref[b1]{(Adejimi, 2005;}\hyperref[b5]{and Campbell, 2006)}.\par
Maintenance strategy consists of mix of maintenance policies and maintenance techniques which vary from facility to facility  {\ref (Shear, 2006)}.\par
Basically there are various classifications of maintenance strategies as identified by different authors: Corrective Maintenance (CM), Preventive Maintenance (PM) and Predictive Maintenance (PM). Swanson (  {\ref 2001}) in his study differentiates corrective maintenance (CM), planned maintenance (PM). Ipingbemi, (2010) consider each maintenance strategy as a separate strategy. Therefore, maintenance strategies are the methods of transforming business objectives into maintenance objectives. A maintenance plan can be developed by identifying the current potential gaps in maintenance performance  {\ref (Crepo and Gupta, 2005)}. Preventive maintenance has been described as "regular periodic work that may be necessary to retain the performance characteristics of a product as well as that required to replace or repair the product after it has achieved a useful life span"  {\ref (Lee -Reginald, 2001}). On the other hand, avoidable maintenance is work required to rectify failure caused by incorrect design, incorrect specification, insulation or the use of faulty materials. 
\section[{e) Maintenance Strategy Formulation}]{e) Maintenance Strategy Formulation}\par
The maintenance strategy requires to be supported by tactical plans. These tactical plans must be the executable plans  {\ref (Campbell and Reyes-Picknell, 2006)}. Further, maintenance strategy needs to be reviewed periodically due to the changing environment and business requirements \hyperref[b1]{(Adejimi, 2005)}. Therefore, the key points in formulation of maintenance strategy were identified by Drake, 2008 below:\par
1. Holistic approach is required to formulate maintenance strategy; 2. Structured development of maintenance strategy is must in almost every case; and 3. Apart from the structure maintenance strategy, flexible strategy is important so that it allows feedback, improvement and adjusts to changes in requirement of maintenance.  
\section[{Company vision and mission}]{Company vision and mission} 
\section[{Strategic goals of the company SWOT analysis Overall gapanalysis}]{Strategic goals of the company SWOT analysis Overall gapanalysis} 
\section[{Strategic goals of maintenance}]{Strategic goals of maintenance} 
\section[{Maintenance strategic}]{Maintenance strategic} 
\section[{Strategic performance indicators}]{Strategic performance indicators} 
\section[{Strategic development plan}]{Strategic development plan} 
\section[{Research Methodology}]{Research Methodology}\par
The study adopted the use of both descriptive and inferential statistical tools, the descriptive statistics include the use of tables, pie chart, frequency, cumulative and percentage while inferential statistics entails mean scores, relative importance index and standard deviation. The research population comprises he occupants in the housing estate. The paper adopted questionnaire survey on 15 occupants per block using five-point Likert's scale which is based on rating. A total of ninety (90) questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed. This represents a response rate of 100\% which is above 20-30\% recommended for questionnaire survey in Construction Management studies by Fellow and Liu (2008) using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.   .1 shows that 6.7\% of the respondents agreed that maintenance should be carried out quarterly, 5.6\% agreed that it should be done annually, 8.9\% said it is should be done always, 73.3\% said it should done whenever there is fault and the remaining 5.6\% said maintenance should be done whenever it is required. Table  {\ref 4}.2 shows various maintenance problems associated with the Federal housing estate AdeolaOdeku, Lagos state. The various maintenance problems were outlined and data were gotten from the respondents on the various major maintenance problems in the estate. The results showed that leakages of pipes were rated first with mean value of 3.72, followed by faulty plumbing (3.64), elevator mechanical problems 3 rd (3.40), windows/doors 4 th (2.30), effect of leaking overflow 5 th (2.07), settlement of concrete floor 6 th (2.00) and bulging walls 7 th (1.97) while electrical fittings, mechanical problems with A.C. and poor coordination of ventilation points were the least three problems with mean value of (1.39, 1.42 and 1.48). 
\section[{IV.}]{IV.} 
\section[{Data Presentation and Analysis}]{Data Presentation and Analysis}\par
Thus carrying out regular maintenance works on housing estate is essential as it will improve the strength of the building and the lives of occupant will not be at risk. Table  {\ref 4}.3, shows the strategy analysis for solving problems of maintenance, for corrective maintenance, 13.33 \% respondents agreed to use corrective maintenance seldomly, while 18.89\% agreed for often, 67.78\% agreed that it should be used very often. Therefore, Corrective maintenance is used for the maintenance of the estate. 
\section[{a) Strategies Adopted for Solving Maintenance Problems}]{a) Strategies Adopted for Solving Maintenance Problems}\par
15.56\% of the respondents agreed seldomly, 34.44\% of of the respondents agreed to often while 50\% of used very often. Therefore, planned preventive is one of the strategies used in maintaining the estate. 47.78\% of the respondents agreed that predictive maintenance is used seldomly, 34.44\% of the respondents agreed to very often while 17.78\% of the respondents agreed to very often.\par
V. 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
Buildings deteriorate due to ageing, usage and adverse weather condition. For buildings to be habitable, and withstand the test of time, it requires constant and proper maintenance. Maintenance culture is necessary to keep the building in a good state. The © 2020 Global Journals lobal Journal of Researches in Engineering ( ) Volume Xx X Issue III Version I J journey to effective and efficient strategy for maintenance of building project, for this research work depends on the reputation and resources. This research has given insight into information on the problems of maintenance in the estate and the appropriate maintenance strategy executed on the maintenance work in the estate. The critical survey carried out on the Federal housing estate AdeolaOdeku, Lagos in this work had resulted into giving useful and relevant information about public housing maintenance in Lagos State and Nigeria as a whole.\par
Practical suggestions towards solving the problems unravelled have proffered for implementation by the various sectors concerned. As a matter of fact the government is advised to include maintenance inside the budget and make it realistic so as to add value to However, success in this direction requires dedication, commitment and deep sense of conviction on the part of those involved in the maintenance process.\par
The study recommended that the choice of execution of building maintenance work should depend on the one that offers greater advantage in terms of cost, quality and convenience, also Professional bodies should organize seminars and workshops to sensitize the staff on the use of effective maintenance culture while carrying out maintenance work thus Adequate funds should be made available always to carry out maintenance work on the estate buildings.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{21}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Figure 2 . 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{24}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 2 . 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{41}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 4 . 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 4}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.8402347652347653\textwidth}P{0.0038211788211788213\textwidth}P{0.0008491508491508492\textwidth}P{0.0012737262737262736\textwidth}P{0.0038211788211788213\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{5}{l}{b) Maintenance problems associated with Housing}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{i. Common defects in building}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Maintenance work is generated by ranges of}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{factors. They include weathering, wear and tear, dirt,}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{corrosion, structural and thermal movement, poor}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{design, poor detailing, time, incorrect specification,}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{damages by users, "insects, techniques and the use of}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{new materials" (Brenan, 2000). Adenuga (2010) listed}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{the factors below as major principal maintenance}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{problems in buildings are:}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{1. Walls Problems such as Bulging walls, Cracking}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{and spoiling concrete walls, inadequate foundation,}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{tree rot damages, shrinkage/ swelling of clay}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{subsoil, differential settlement, thermal movement,}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{moisture expansion of block work, made up}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{grounds, shrinkage of block work}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{2. Floor Problems such as Settlement of concrete}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{floor, excessive deflection, sub-floor water, sulphate}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{attack on concrete floor, screed cracking/hollow,}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{collapse due to fungal or insect attacks, No damp}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{proof membrane No sub flow access etc.}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{3. Doors/Windows Problems such as Insufficient}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{groove, broken/cracked glass or frame, defective}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{locks and keys, lose or twisted casements, rotten}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{timber frames, defective putty or paint work}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{4. Damp Problems such as defective damp proof}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{courses, damp basement walls, effect of leaking}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{overflows or gutters, bridged damp proof courses,}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{condensation on internal surfaces}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{5. Problem of Roofs such as Rotten battens, nails}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{perishing, slate shipping, lack of insulating}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{materials, sagging of timber, spread of structural}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{roof, separation of structural elements, rot due to}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{termite or beetle attack, perforated copper or zinc}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{sheets, unventilated timber roof, insufficient parapet}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{gutter, rusting of galvanized sheets}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{6. Wall Finishes such as flaking rendering Hollow}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{rendering, cracking of rendering, spalling block}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{work, Soft mortar, wrongly beaded stone work,}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{disintegration of block work surfaces due to frost or}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{salt action, surface deterioration of stone work.}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{c) Nature of Maintenance}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Lee (2001) opined that nature of}\\
maintenance\tabcellsep comprises\tabcellsep of\tabcellsep the\tabcellsep following\\
components.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{41} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.14724409448818898\textwidth}P{0.18963254593175854\textwidth}P{0.10708661417322834\textwidth}P{0.08923884514435695\textwidth}P{0.1405511811023622\textwidth}P{0.17624671916010498\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( ) Volume Xx X Issue III Version I J\\
Category Years of occupants by Tenants\tabcellsep Classification Below 2years 2-4 4-6 6-8 Above 8years Total\tabcellsep Mid-Value 0 3 5.0 7.0 9.0 24\tabcellsep Frequency 12 23 30 15 20\tabcellsep F(x) 0 69 150 105 180 504\tabcellsep lobal Journal of Researches in Engineering\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Mean=21\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Classification of occupation\tabcellsep Category\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\tabcellsep Cumulative\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep Civil Servant\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 40\tabcellsep 40\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep Trader\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 13.3\tabcellsep 53.3\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 2020 Global Journals\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 4 . 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{42} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.23980446927374302\textwidth}P{0.3870111731843575\textwidth}P{0.08072625698324022\textwidth}P{0.10446927374301675\textwidth}P{0.03798882681564246\textwidth}}
( ) Volume Xx X Issue III Version I J\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
lobal Journal of Researches in Engineering\tabcellsep Maintenance Problems leakages in pipes Faulty plumbing\tabcellsep Mean 3.22 3.14\tabcellsep Std. Deviation .541 .567\tabcellsep Ranking 1 2\\
\tabcellsep Elevator mechanical problems\tabcellsep 3.00\tabcellsep .493\tabcellsep 3\\
\tabcellsep windows/doors\tabcellsep 2.10\tabcellsep .854\tabcellsep 4\\
\tabcellsep effect of leaking overflows\tabcellsep 2.06\tabcellsep .536\tabcellsep 5\\
\tabcellsep settlement of concrete floor\tabcellsep 2.03\tabcellsep .636\tabcellsep 6\\
\tabcellsep bulging walls\tabcellsep 1.92\tabcellsep .350\tabcellsep 7\\
© 2020 Global Journals\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 4 . 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{43} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.068\textwidth}P{0.11900000000000001\textwidth}P{0.13175\textwidth}P{0.085\textwidth}P{0.1615\textwidth}P{0.07225000000000001\textwidth}P{0.1275\textwidth}P{0.085\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{S/N VARIABLES}\tabcellsep CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep PLANNED PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE\tabcellsep \%\\
1\tabcellsep SELDOMLY\tabcellsep 1 2\tabcellsep 13.33\tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 15.56\tabcellsep 43\tabcellsep 47.78\\
2\tabcellsep OFTEN\tabcellsep 17\tabcellsep 18.89\tabcellsep 31\tabcellsep 34.44\tabcellsep 31\tabcellsep 34.44\\
3\tabcellsep VERY OFTEN\tabcellsep 61\tabcellsep 67.78\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 17.78\\
\tabcellsep TOTAL\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 100\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4 . 3 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{Investigation of Various Forms of Maintenance Problems Associated with Federal Housing Estate in Lagos State, Nigeria} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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