# Introduction otton fiber is the most popular textile fiber in the world for their comfort and it is renowned for its breathability, strength and versatility. [1]Cellulosic fiber dyeing with reactive dyes is one of the most convenient and popular method. Cotton also favorable to dye with reactive dyes due to it' s hydroxyl group (-OH). Dyeing is the process of adding colour to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a solution, containing dyes and required chemicals. Dyeing of cotton with direct dye has poor wash fastness due to weak bond between dyefiber molecules. [2] A dye, which is capable of reacting chemically with a substrate to form a covalent bond, is known as reactive dye. After dyeing, dye molecules have strong chemical bond with cellulosic fiber molecules. Here the dye contains a reactive group and these reactive groups make the covalent bond with the cellulosic fiber polymer and act as an integral part of fiber and give good wash fastness. [3] During the application of reactive dyes to cellulose (cotton) fibers under highly alkaline condition, a hydrolysis reaction takes place, originating the non-reactive oxi-dye form and those dye (oxi-dye) stay on fabric surface. As a result, most of the cases it is seen that fastness properties of reactive dyed cotton fabric is not good. Therefore, fixing agent is applied on reactive dyed fabric to develop the different fastness properties in after treatment process. [4] The salt is associate in nursing exhausting agent to push the color towards polysaccharide molecules and therefore the alkali (soda ash) is hydrolyzing/fixing agent for the reactive colors. Sohel et. al Studied the effect of soda on dyeing of woven cotton fabric with reactive dye. They were found good result on colour fastness to wash, water, and Rubbing. They were used in this thesis 100% cotton woven fabric, 140 gsm, Reactive dye (Procion red H-3B, Reactive black B), soda percentage (5%,10%,15%). [5] Paul et. al study on the effect of alkali on dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye (shade 1%) and they found in their study the wash and rubbing fastness was good to excellent. [6] Now our paper deals with the Effect of Varying Concentration of Soda (other parameters was kept same) on Fastness Properties in Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Reactive Dye. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of varying of soda on different fastness properties. So the color fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration, and light are tested and evaluated. # II. # Materials and Methods 100% bleached cotton knitted single jersey (160 GSM) were used in this research. # b) Chemicals used Reactive dyes, Soda ash (Na 2 CO 3 ), anhydrous Glauber salt (Na 2 SO 4 ), Sequestering agent, leveling agent, and anti-creasing agent were used. Different standard testing procedures were followed for the assessment of the color fastness properties. # ( ) Volume Color fastness to washing was assessed by following the standard method of ISO-105-C06-C2S. [7] Color fastness to rubbing was evaluated by following the standard method of ISO-105X12 From the above table, it is shown that, the color fastness is increased with the increased of soda at a level of 20 gm/L and a further increasing of soda ash does not effect on the color fastness. So it is concluding that, soda 20gm/L concentration result is best in case of color fastness. The results of the above tables show that, the properties of color fastness to perspiration (acid & alkali) are poor. Among this poor fastness property the 20 gm/L soda ash concentration has a comparatively better result. .Although fastness property to perspiration in all concentration is poor; 20 gm/L soda ash concentration has relatively better than other concentration. Fastness Rating The above graphs show that, the color fastness to wet rubbing is same for all concentration of soda ash, whereas color fastness to dry rubbing is disparate in different concentration. In wet rubbing optimum fastness properties found in 20, 25 & 30 gm/L soda ash concentration. # J Figure 10 shows that, color fastness to light for red shade is best at 20 gm/L soda ash concentration. IV. # Conclusion In this research work finally it is conclude that, the varying of soda ash concentration has effects on fastness properties of reactive dyed cotton fabric with various shades. With the increase of soda ash, fastness properties increased due to much amount of dye fixation into the fiber. But it was also shown that 20gm/L soda ash concentration provides the best results rather than other concentration of soda ash. Over 20 gm/L concentration of soda ash also give, similar result so it is unwise to use more soda ash as it is one kind of wastage of soda ash. Soda gm/L # References références referencias 1![Figure 1: Dyeing Curve e) Methods of TestingDifferent standard testing procedures were followed for the assessment of the color fastness properties.Color fastness to washing was assessed by following the standard method of ISO-105-C06-C2S.[7] ](image-2.png "Figure 1 :") 2![Figure 2: Color Fastness to Dry Rubbing](image-3.png "Figure 2 :") ![From the chart, it is found that color fastness to dry rubbing is excellent but colour fastness to wet rubbing is not up to the mark in relation to different concentration of soda.](image-4.png "J") 4![Figure 4: Color Fastness to LightFrom figure -4 it is concluded that, 20 gm/L soda ash concentration has better color fastness to light compare to other concentration of soda ash, though the](image-5.png "Figure 4 :") 3![Figure 3: Color Fastness to Wet Rubbing](image-6.png "Figure 3 :") 56![Figure 5: Color Fastness to Dry Rubbing](image-7.png "Figure 5 :Figure 6 :") 7![Figure 7: Color Fastness to LightFrom the above graph, the result of color sada gm/L is a peak at 20 gm/L soda ash concentration.](image-8.png "Figure 7 :") 9![Figure 9: Color Fastness to Wet Rubbing From figures 8 & 9, it is found that color fastness to wet rubbing and dry rubbing are almost same in all concentration of soda ash.](image-9.png "Figure 9 :") 10![Figure 10: Color Fastness to Light](image-10.png "Figure 10 :") 1Year 20192IXIx X Issue IV VersionJ 2Materials NameRecipe 01 Recipe 02 Recipe 03 Recipe 04 Recipe 05Nova. Turq. Blue GN0.10%0.10%0.10%0.10%0.10%Nova. Blue TS3G0.56%0.56%0.56%0.56%0.56%Avi. Brill. Yellow SE0.02%0.02%0.02%0.02%0.02%Soda Ash10 gm/L15 gm/L20 gm/L25 gm/L30 gm/LSalt40 gm/L40 gm/L40 gm/L40 gm/L40 gm/LTime60 min60 min60 min60 min60 minTemperature60 ? C60 ? C60 ? C60 ? C60 ? CM:L1:101:101:101:101:10 3Materials Name Recipe 01 Recipe 02 Recipe 03 Recipe 04 Recipe 05Nova. Blue TS3G 0.02%0.02%0.02%0.02%0.02%Nova. Ruby S3B2.0%2.0%2.0%2.0%2.0%Nova. Yellow S3R1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0%Soda Ash5 gm/L 10 gm/L15 gm/L 20 gm/L25 gm/LTemp.60 0 cX20'60 0 cX60'90 0 cX10'Soda dosingWashing40 0 cCooling at 40 0 cCooling at 40 0 cTimeColor fastness to perspiration was assessed byfollowing the standard method of ISO-105-E04. [9]Color fastness to light was evaluated assessed byfollowing the standard method of ISO-105-B02. [10]. [8] 5Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool 6Soda gm/L Change in ColorColor Staining Acetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool 4Soda gm/L Change in ColorColor Staining Acetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool 7Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool 9Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool 8Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool104423-443-43-41544233-433-42044-523-443-43-42544-523-443-43-43044-523-443-43-4 11Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool104424433154423-4433204423433254423-4433304423-4433 10Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool 12Color StainingSoda gm/L Change in ColorAcetate Cotton Nylon Polyester Acrylic Wool104423433154423433204424433254424433304424433 & Md. Abul Hasan © 2019 Global Journals * Chitosan coated cotton fiber: physical and antimicrobial properties for apparel use MRBhuiyan MAHossain MZakaria MNIslam MZUddin Journal of Polymers and the Environment 25 2 2017 * Basic principles of textile coloration ADBroadbent 2001 * Dyeing and chemical technology of textile fibers ERTrotman 1984 Wiley * Handbook of textile and industrial dyeing: principles, processes and types of dyes MClark 2011 Elsevier * Study on effect on concentration of Soda on dyeing of woven cotton fabric with Reactive dye (Doctoral dissertation MSohel FAlam MRahman RMJiko 2012 Daffodil International University * Effect of Alkali Concentration on Dyeing Cotton Knitted Fabrics with Reactive Dyes DPaul SCDas TIslam MA BSiddiquee MAAl J. Chem 11 2017 * ISO 105-C04:1989; Textiles-Tests for colour fastness-Part C04: Color fastness to washing 8. ISO 105-E01:1994; Textiles-Tests for color fastness-Part E01: Color fastness to water 9. ISO 105-X12:2001; Textiles-Tests for color fastness-Part X12: Color fastness to rubbing 10. ISO 105-B02:1994; Textiles-Tests for color fastness-Part B02: Color fastness to artificial light