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\title{A Survey on the Factors Affecting Employee Turnover in the Readymade Garments of Bangladesh}
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             \author[1]{Md.  Hasanuzzaman}

             \author[2]{Sraboni  Ahmed}

             \author[3]{Md. Shafiqul Islam  Chowdhury}

             \affil[1]{  Northern University Bangladesh.}

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\date{\small \em Received: 7 December 2017 Accepted: 2 January 2018 Published: 15 January 2018}

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\begin{abstract}
        


As an emerging and potential sector, RMG plays significant role in the development and sustainability of the economic sector of Bangladesh, which has been led by millions of manpower. This huge number of manpower is the driving force of this sectors in terms of productivity and hence in the achievement of the organizational goal. But now-a-days, it has been a significant challenge for any organization to retain their employee at work. Employee retention in the organization has become a baffling complication for all types of organization. Inadequate wage, violence in the workplace, safety issues of the workplace, unwilling overtime and not getting sufficient paid for overtime, lack of motivation, long working hours and night shift, not getting appreciation for their contribution, irregular increments and promotion, job insecurity and less scope for self-skill development are some leading reasons for the employee dissatisfaction which results in employee turnover. The survey we used selected questionnaires in order to find out the reasons for employee turnover. The results showed great impact of those facts on the job satisfaction, motivation and performance of the employee in the workplace. When the authorities concern and reflect on their needs, keep the employee more motivated and inspired, acknowledged their contribution in the workplace, then the employees are found to have positive attitude toward the organization and are more likely to stay in the organization.

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\keywords{readymade garment, employee, employee satisfaction, employee turnover, employee retention.}

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\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
angladesh is a developing country with great potential in the textile sectors. The textile and clothing industries is the most significant source in the vastly growing economy of Bangladesh. Exporting of textiles and ready-made garments (RMGs) is the principal source of foreign currency. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), by 2002 exports of textiles, clothing, and ready-made garments (RMGs) accounted for 77\% of Bangladesh's total merchandise exports  {\ref [1]} .\par
In 1972, the World Bank approximated the gross domestic product (GDP) of Bangladesh at USD 6.29 billion, in 2014, the GDP stood at USD 173.82 billion. In the last four decades the exporting grown by almost 27 times. Bangladesh's exports industry alone comprised USD 31.2 billion in FY 2014-15. Ready-made garments (RMGs) contribute 81.69\% of it. After China, Bangladesh now holds the 2nd place in producing garments. It is expected that by the next five years, Bangladesh will become the largest ready-made garments manufacturer \hyperref[b1]{[2]} .The value of global garment industry is over \$1 trillion. Every year Bangladesh's garment industry fetches in revenue that worth \$22 billion dollars approximately. Ready-made garments (RMGs) already been come out as the biggest earner of foreign exchange. RMGs are the finished textile product from clothing factories and the Bangladeshi RMG sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the Bangladeshi economy, with a growth rate of 55\% from 2002 to 2012 \hyperref[b2]{[3]} . This sector contributed significantly to the GDP of Bangladesh Productivity, profitability, employee satisfaction and various internal and external operating environment factors must be considered to withstand the potential . Along with this significant contribution to the economy it also provides employment to around 4.2 million of workers, mainly women from low income families. In 2012 Bangladesh's garment exports -mainly to the US and Europe -made up nearly 80\% of the country's export income \hyperref[b3]{[4]} among which the RMG industry represented 81.13\% of Bangladesh's total export in 2014  {\ref [5]} . With a population of about 170 million people the Bangladeshi garment sector employs approximately 3.5 million workers. Bangladesh is the second largest apparel manufacturer behind only China. There are over 5,000 garment factories in Bangladesh, employing approximately 4 million workers a year. and competitive global market. Along with this rising potential business of RMG sector, management of employees is one of the challenging practice for the human resource department of the respective organizations. Productivity and profitability, discipline of the sectors is highly related with employee satisfaction. This highly potential RMGs sectors of Bangladesh always been rattled with disputes and violent protest by the workers in recent time. Low wages, unsafe working environment, workers health, ergonomic hazards, chemical hazards, frequent accidents in the various factories and various other crisis are prone to employee turnover in the RMGs sectors of Bangladesh. Employee turnover reflects directly on the efficiency, productivity, profitability working environment of a factories.\par
The high probability of workers leaving is a key driver of low efficiency and leads to widespread refusals by factories to invest in the training of workers or creating a more safest environment. As the RMGs sector plays significant role in the growing economy of Bangladesh, retention of employees is of vital importance to maintain the harmony of this sectors. Many psychological and management strategy regarding the types of job content which is intrinsically satisfying to employees and which, in turn, should minimize external voluntary turnover. Business is about people. Therefore, it is vital to find out what motivates them, what inspires them, what incentivizes them, what satisfy them. There is a rapid growth of industrialization in Bangladesh. Most of the manufacturing companies in Bangladesh are labor-intensive, particularly the readymade garment (RMG) industry \hyperref[b7]{[9]} . Therefore, the practice of human resource management (HRM) is of vital factor in labor intensive industry like RMG. Employees and technology are the backbone of any organization. Human resource management (HRM) plays important role by dealing with peoples working in an organization. HRM deals it by designing and coordinating various employee management activities  {\ref [10]} . 
\section[{a) Research Objectives}]{a) Research Objectives}\par
This study involves the assessment of the impact of the various factors affecting on employee turnover, performance of employees and employee retention. The general objectives of this study are: 1. Finding out the possible reasons for employee turnover. 2. Assessment of the impact of those factors on the employee performance. 3. Assessment of the impact of those factors on employee retention. 4. Finding out the possible problems regarding employee turnover and minimizing the problems associated with employee turnover and retention.\par
In this survey we aimed to find out the plausible reason for employee turnover in the RMG sectors and impact of those factors on employee turnover and retention in the RMG sectors. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Literature Review}]{Literature Review}\par
As a developing and emerging country, reduction of employee turnover and retention of employees are of the most significant practice for the highly potential RMGs sector of Bangladesh. Employee turnover is a significant drawback for this potential sector. Over the decade comparatively no significant researches have been performed to justify the worker's work satisfaction in the RMG sector in developing countries like Bangladesh. Worker performance and productivity is significantly dependent of their satisfaction. Adoption and implementation of properly organized supervision could be a significant factor between workers and its satisfactions. The significant reasons are insufficient wage, unprivileged benefits, pitiful communication, harsh work environment, insufficient motivation of the worker, lack of sufficient acknowledgement of their efforts, lack of fair attitude towards them, deficiency of job security, limited opportunities, better scope elsewhere, lack of interesting in work, lack of appreciation of their efforts, lack of appropriate practice of HRM, unable to adjust with organizational decorum, external factors, discrimination at work. All these reasons lead to the dissatisfaction of the employee towards the job and institutions.\par
Hossan, et.al defined worker satisfaction as workers overall effective state of mind resulting from an approval of all aspects of his work \hyperref[b4]{[6]} . When their expectations are being monitored and fulfilled their performance enhance statistically significantly. The attitude, responsibilities and roles of the workers towards work is a reflection of job satisfaction. Higher the satisfaction of the workers always exhibits positive attitude and responsibilities towards work and are less prone to turnover and vice versa \hyperref[b5]{[7]} . In order to anticipate strongly organized and strong management team for long term results proper incentives should be given according to the goals of business \hyperref[b6]{[8]} . The retention of employees could be more effective with the implementation of the career development plan for the employees by the organizations. These career development opportunities play significant role in preventing employees from leaving the organization and results in increasing the loyalty of the workers towards the organizations \hyperref[b7]{[9]} .An extensive study was conducted by Walton in which he has found and stated the reasons to be considered in order to understand about employee demands from the institutions are adequate and fair compensation, safe and healthy working Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( ) Volume XVIII Issue I Version I conditions, development of human competencies, growth and security, social integration for understanding quality of work life  {\ref [10]} .Ahmed and Hossain studied and stated that there is no significant safety observation has been conducted in the organizations, no significant investigation or veritable policy adopted by the RMGs owners. There is also lack of proper supervision regarding safety issues by the authorities responsible for safety work environment  {\ref [11]} . Many buildings have been converted and used as factories due to the significant expansion of the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry which were actually built for various other purposes rather than industry/factories. Random installation of factories and conversions of other buildings into garment factories most often performed as shortlyas possible in the inexpensive way. This resulting in oblation of safety issues like electrical circuits, unstable buildings, inadequate escape routes and unsafe equipment  {\ref [12]} . Sufficient compensation, regular promotion and performance acknowledgement and evaluation impart positive impact on employee performance which deals with overall organizational performance  {\ref [13]} . Financial solvency and social status are being found to influence directly on the employee performance in labor intensive manufacturing industry. Proper HR practices in the respective organization significantly regulate employee's behavior and bring out positive attitudes towards organization which in turn helps in attaining organizational goals with reference to the Bangladesh with lower per capita income  {\ref [14]} .\par
Organizational success is dependent on the proper HRM practice. The ability of individual can be significantly influenced by managers by motivating them. Retention of employees is very much important for the organizational goals. As a labor-intensive sector, the success of this sector is very much dependent on the satisfaction of the employee. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Research Methodology}]{Research Methodology}\par
This study is based on surveying the employees using different questionnaires to the workers working in different RMG factories. 
\section[{Research Scheme}]{Research Scheme}\par
The scheme of this study is to collect data and explain the phenomena include. In this study both primary and secondary sources have been exploited to gather data. Various questionnaires which have exploited on the workers is the primary data source. Various text books, journals, published research and online references and report were the secondary data sources for this survey. 
\section[{b) Target Population and Sample Size}]{b) Target Population and Sample Size}\par
The target population were the permanent workers in the various RMG industries. The study is a representation of the entire RMG sectors in Bangladesh. About 120 were selected randomly from various industries for this survey which includes workers of different age, experience and levels among which there were 80 males and 40 female workers. 
\section[{c) Data Collection Tools and Analysis Technique}]{c) Data Collection Tools and Analysis Technique}\par
Questionnaires were the main instrument for data collection for this survey study. Questionnaire was used for collecting responses from the sample selected for the study. Basic simple analytical tools were used in the analysis the collected data. The collected data has been processed by using word processing software (MS Word). The collected data are represented in different analytical pie charts using percentage method.\par
IV. 
\section[{Results and Discussion}]{Results and Discussion}\par
We have taken ten parameters for our analysis and representation of the survey results. The scale of response on the questionnaire was from strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree to strongly disagree which have been represented using pie chart. 
\section[{a) Wages}]{a) Wages}\par
Salary provide by the organization is sufficient and compensate with my work. Strongly agree-0\%, Agree-11\%, Neutral-28\%, Disagree-45\%, Strongly disagree-16\%.\par
b) Acknowledgement of their work/Rewards of their effort I am rewarded (monetarily and non-monetarily) for my good performance. Strongly agree-8\%, Agree-22\%, Neutral-30\%, Disagree-35\%, Strongly disagree-5\%. 
\section[{c) Motivation}]{c) Motivation}\par
I am motivated and inspired well by the management. Strongly agree-15\%, Agree-40\%, Neutral-25\%, Disagree-14\%, Strongly disagree-6\%. 
\section[{d) Working Environment}]{d) Working Environment}\par
My working environment is friendly and supportive. Strongly agree-9\%, Agree-20\%, Neutral-17\%, Disagree-40\%, Strongly disagree-14\%. 
\section[{e) Safety Issues}]{e) Safety Issues}\par
My work place is safe and the safety issue is monitored and regulated by the authority regularly following safety rules and regulations. Strongly agree-10\%, Agree-21\%, Neutral-12\%, Disagree-49\%, Strongly disagree-8\%. 
\section[{f) Management Behavior}]{f) Management Behavior}\par
I am satisfied with the management's behavior of my organization. Strongly agree-20\%, Agree-39\%, Neutral-10\%, Disagree-23\%, Strongly disagree-8\%. 
\section[{g) Increment and Promotion}]{g) Increment and Promotion}\par
I am rewarded by regular increment and promoted accordingly. Strongly agree-12\%, Agree-23\%, Neutral-8\%, Disagree-45\%, Strongly disagree-12\%. 
\section[{h) Job Security}]{h) Job Security}\par
I am concern about the security of my job and until get a secure job I am likely to find other jobs. Strongly agree-30\%, Agree-45\%, Neutral-13\%, Disagree-10\%, Strongly disagree-2\%.  
\section[{Global Journal of Researches in}]{Global Journal of Researches in} 
\section[{j) Overtime and Payment for Overtime}]{j) Overtime and Payment for Overtime}\par
I have paid accordingly with the overtime. Strongly agree-9\%, Agree-25\%, Neutral-10\%, Disagree-46\%, Strongly disagree-10\%.\par
V. 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
In order to accomplish the organizational goals, it is very much significant for the organization to retain the employees. Employees are the backbone of the production industries. Therefore, their retention is significantly influence the organizational goals. As an emerging sector of our country all the authorities should pay close attention to readymade garments to understand the factors which are influencing the workers. They should pay more attention on the workers satisfaction, find out their problems and try to minimize them, they should consider about rewarding them for their contribution and they should also let the workers participate in sharing their view regarding the organization. Try to solve wages dilemma, keep eye on the sanitary working environment, work place safety issues etc. Overlooking these will led to the less working efficiency of the workers. Regular wages and occasional bonus and also profit sharing to the employees, fair and regular increment policy, appropriate promotional policy could be significant source of competitive benefits for any organization from our view point. This could help them in retaining their best talent with them for their long run success.   
\section[{Global}]{Global} 
\section[{The following benefits can be availed by you only for next three years from the date of certification:}]{The following benefits can be availed by you only for next three years from the date of certification:}\par
FARSE designated members are entitled to avail a 40\% discount while publishing their research papers (of a single author) with Global Journals Incorporation (USA), if the same is accepted by Editorial Board/Peer Reviewers. If you are a main author or coauthor in case of multiple authors, you will be entitled to avail discount of 10\%.\par
Once FARSE title is accorded, the Fellow is authorized to organize a symposium/seminar/conference on behalf of Global Journal Incorporation (USA).The Fellow can also participate in conference/seminar/symposium organized by another institution as representative of Global Journal. In both the cases, it is mandatory for him to discuss with us and obtain our consent.\par
You may join as member of the Editorial Board of Global Journals Incorporation (USA) after successful completion of three years as Fellow and as Peer Reviewer. In addition, it is also desirable that you should organize seminar/symposium/conference at least once.\par
We shall provide you intimation regarding launching of etime.This may be utilized in your library for the enrichment of knowledge of your students as well as it can also be helpful for the concerned faculty members. 
\section[{FELLOW OF ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH SOCIETY IN ENGINEERING (FARSE)}]{FELLOW OF ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH SOCIETY IN ENGINEERING (FARSE)} 
\section[{Fellows}]{Fellows}\par
The "FARSE" is a dignified title which is accorded to a person's name viz. The FARSE can go through standards of OARS. You can also play vital role if you have any suggestions so that proper amendment can take place to improve the same for the benefit of entire research community. 
\section[{FARSE}]{FARSE}\par
The F Standardization of research will be subject to acceptability within stipulated norms as the next step after publishing in a journal. We shall depute a team of specialized research professionals who will render their services for elevating your researches to next higher level, which is worldwide open standardization.\par
The FARSE member can apply for grading and certification of standards of their educational and Institutional Degrees to Open Association of Research, Society U.S.A. Once you are designated as FARSE, you may send us a scanned copy of all of your credentials. OARS will verify, grade and certify them. This will be based on your academic records, quality of research papers published by you, and some more criteria. After certification of all your credentials by OARS, they will be published on your Fellow Profile link on website https://associationofresearch.org which will be helpful to upgrade the dignity.\par
The FARSE members can avail the benefits of free research podcasting in Global Research Radio with their research documents. After publishing the work, (including published elsewhere worldwide with proper authorization) you can upload your research paper with your recorded voice or you can utilize chargeable services of our professional RJs to record your paper in their voice on request.\par
The FARSE member also entitled to get the benefits of free research podcasting of their research documents through video clips. We can also streamline your conference videos and display your slides/ online slides and online research video clips at reasonable charges, on request. 
\section[{As}]{As}\par
, you will be given a renowned, secure and free professional email address with 100 GB of space e.g. johnhall@globaljournals.org. This will include Webmail, Spam Assassin, Email Forwarders,Auto-Responders, Email Delivery Route tracing, etc. ARSE will be eligible for a free application of standardization of their researches. 
\section[{II II}]{II II}\par
be credited to his/her bank account. The entire entitled amount will be credited to his/her bank account exceeding limit of minimum fixed balance. There is no minimum time limit for collection. The FARSE member can decide its price and we can help in making the right decision.\par
The FARSE member is eligible to join as a paid peer reviewer at Global Journals Incorporation (USA) and can get remuneration of 15\% of author fees, taken from the author of a respective paper. After reviewing 5 or more papers you can request to transfer the amount to your bank account.\par
The FARSE is eligible to earn from sales proceeds of his/her researches/reference/review Books or literature, while publishing with Global Journals. The FARSE can decide whether he/she would like to publish his/her research in a closed manner. In this case, whenever readers purchase that individual research paper for reading, maximum 60\% of its profit earned as royalty by Global Journals, will As MARSE, you will be given a renowned, secure and free professional email address with 30 GB of space e.g. johnhall@globaljournals.org. This will include Webmail, Spam Assassin, Email Forwarders,Auto-Responders, Email Delivery Route tracing, etc. 
\section[{MEMBER OF ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH SOCIETY IN ENGINEERING (MARSE)}]{MEMBER OF ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH SOCIETY IN ENGINEERING (MARSE)}\par
We shall provide you intimation regarding launching of e-version of journal of your stream time to time.This may be utilized in your library for the enrichment of knowledge of your students as well as it can also be helpful for the concerned faculty members.\par
Once you are designated as MARSE, you may send us a scanned copy of all of your credentials. OARS will verify, grade and certify them. This will be based on your academic records, quality of research papers published by you, and some more criteria.\par
It is mandatory to read all terms and conditions carefully.\par
The MARSE member can apply for approval, grading and certification of standards of their educational and Institutional Degrees to Open Association of Research, Society U.S.A. 
\section[{Auxiliary Memberships}]{Auxiliary Memberships}\par
Institutional The Institute will be entitled to following benefits:\par
The IBOARS can initially review research papers of their institute and recommend them to publish with respective journal of Global Journals. It can also review the papers of other institutions after obtaining our consent. The second review will be done by peer reviewer of Global Journals Incorporation (USA) The Board is at liberty to appoint a peer reviewer with the approval of chairperson after consulting us. The author fees of such paper may be waived off up to 40\%.\par
The Global Journals Incorporation (USA) at its discretion can also refer double blind peer reviewed paper at their end to the board for the verification and to get recommendation for final stage of acceptance of publication.\par
The IBOARS can organize symposium/seminar/conference in their country on behalf of Global Journals Incorporation (USA)-OARS (USA). The terms and conditions can be discussed separately.\par
The Board can also play vital role by exploring and giving valuable suggestions regarding the Standards of "Open Association of Research Society, U.S.A (OARS)" so that proper amendment can take place for the benefit of entire research community. We shall provide details of particular standard only on receipt of request from the Board.\par
The board members can also join us as Individual Fellow with 40\% discount on total fees applicable to Individual Fellow. They will be entitled to avail all the benefits as declared. Please visit Individual Fellow-sub menu of GlobalJournals.org to have more relevant details.\par
We shall provide you intimation regarding launching of e-version of journal of your stream time to time. This may be utilized in your library for the enrichment of knowledge of your students as well as it can also be helpful for the concerned faculty members.\par
After nomination of your institution as "Institutional Fellow" and constantly functioning successfully for one year, we can consider giving recognition to your institute to function as Regional/Zonal office on our behalf.\par
The board can also take up the additional allied activities for betterment after our consultation. 
\section[{The following entitlements are applicable to individual Fellows:}]{The following entitlements are applicable to individual Fellows:}\par
Open Disbursement of 40\% Royalty earned through Global Journals : Researcher = 50\%, Peer Reviewer = 37.50\%, Institution = 12.50\% E.g. Out of 40\%, the 20\% benefit should be passed on to researcher, 15 \% benefit towards remuneration should be given to a reviewer and remaining 5\% is to be retained by the institution.\par
We shall provide print version of 12 issues of any three journals [as per your requirement] out of our 38 journals worth \$ 2376 USD. 
\section[{Other: The individual Fellow and Associate designations accredited by Open Association of Research Society (US) credentials signify guarantees following achievements:}]{Other: The individual Fellow and Associate designations accredited by Open Association of Research Society (US) credentials signify guarantees following achievements:}\par
Note :\par
? ? ? In addition to above, if one is single author, then entitled to 40\% discount on publishing research paper and can get 10\%discount if one is co-author or main author among group of authors. ? The Fellow can organize symposium/seminar/conference on behalf of Global Journals Incorporation (USA) and he/she can also attend the same organized by other institutes on behalf of Global Journals. ? The Fellow can become member of Editorial Board Member after completing 3yrs. ? The Fellow can earn 60\% of sales proceeds from the sale of reference/review books/literature/publishing of research paper. ? Fellow can also join as paid peer reviewer and earn 15\% remuneration of author charges and can also get an opportunity to join as member of the Editorial Board of Global Journals Incorporation (USA) ? ? This individual has learned the basic methods of applying those concepts and techniques to common challenging situations. This individual has further demonstrated an in-depth understanding of the application of suitable techniques to a particular area of research practice.\par
? In future, if the board feels the necessity to change any board member, the same can be done with the consent of the chairperson along with anyone board member without our approval.\par
? In case, the chairperson needs to be replaced then consent of 2/3rd board members are required and they are also required to jointly pass the resolution copy of which should be sent to us. In such case, it will be compulsory to obtain our approval before replacement.\par
? In case of "Difference of Opinion [if any]" among the Board members, our decision will be final and binding to everyone.\par
1. Authors must go through the complete author guideline and understand and agree to Global Journals' ethics and code of conduct, along with author responsibilities. 2. Authors must accept the privacy policy, terms, and conditions of Global Journals. 3. Ensure corresponding author's email address and postal address are accurate and reachable. 4. Manuscript to be submitted must include keywords, an abstract, a paper title, co-author(s') names and details (email address, name, phone number, and institution), figures and illustrations in vector format including appropriate captions, tables, including titles and footnotes, a conclusion, results, acknowledgments and references. 5. Authors should submit paper in a ZIP archive if any supplementary files are required along with the paper. 6. Proper permissions must be acquired for the use of any copyrighted material. 7. Manuscript submitted must not have been submitted or published elsewhere and all authors must be aware of the submission. 
\section[{Declaration of Conflicts of Interest}]{Declaration of Conflicts of Interest}\par
It is required for authors to declare all financial, institutional, and personal relationships with other individuals and organizations that could influence (bias) their research. 
\section[{Policy on Plagiarism}]{Policy on Plagiarism}\par
Plagiarism is not acceptable in Global Journals submissions at all. Plagiarized content will not be considered for publication. We reserve the right to inform authors' institutions about plagiarism detected either before or after publication. If plagiarism is identified, we will follow COPE guidelines:\par
Authors are solely responsible for all the plagiarism that is found. The author must not fabricate, falsify or plagiarize existing research data. The following, if copied, will be considered plagiarism: ? Words (language) ? Ideas ? Findings ? Writings ? Diagrams ? Graphs ? Illustrations ? Lectures Alternatively, 
\section[{Authorship Policies}]{Authorship Policies}\par
Global Journals follows the definition of authorship set up by the Open Association of Research Society, USA. According to its guidelines, authorship criteria must be based on: 
\section[{Figures}]{Figures}\par
Figures are supposed to be submitted as separate files. Always include a citation in the text for each figure using Arabic numbers, e.g., Fig.  {\ref 4}. Artwork must be submitted online in vector electronic form or by emailing it. 
\section[{Preparation of Eletronic Figures for Publication}]{Preparation of Eletronic Figures for Publication}\par
Although low-quality images are sufficient for review purposes, print publication requires high-quality images to prevent the final product being blurred or fuzzy. Submit (possibly by e-mail) EPS (line art) or TIFF (halftone/ photographs) files only. MS PowerPoint and Word Graphics are unsuitable for printed pictures. Avoid using pixel-oriented software. Scans (TIFF only) should have a resolution of at least 350 dpi (halftone) or 700 to 1100 dpi (line drawings). Please give the data for figures in black and white or submit a Color Work Agreement form. EPS files must be saved with fonts embedded (and with a TIFF preview, if possible).\par
For scanned images, the scanning resolution at final image size ought to be as follows to ensure good reproduction: line art: >650 dpi; halftones (including gel photographs): >350 dpi; figures containing both halftone and line images: >650 dpi.\par
Color charges: Authors are advised to pay the full cost for the reproduction of their color artwork. Hence, please note that if there is color artwork in your manuscript when it is accepted for publication, we would require you to complete and return a Color Work Agreement form before your paper can be published. Also, you can email your editor to remove the color fee after acceptance of the paper. 
\section[{Tips for writing A Good Quality Engineering Research Paper}]{Tips for writing A Good Quality Engineering Research Paper}\par
Techniques for writing a good quality engineering research paper:\par
1. Choosing the topic: In most cases, the topic is selected by the interests of the author, but it can also be suggested by the guides. You can have several topics, and then judge which you are most comfortable with. This may be done by asking several questions of yourself, like "Will I be able to carry out a search in this area? Will I find all necessary resources to accomplish the search? Will I be able to find all information in this field area?" If the answer to this type of question is "yes," then you ought to choose that topic. In most cases, you may have to conduct surveys and visit several places. Also, you might have to do a lot of work to find all the rises and falls of the various data on that subject. Sometimes, detailed information plays a vital role, instead of short information. Evaluators are human: The first thing to remember is that evaluators are also human beings. They are not only meant for rejecting a paper. They are here to evaluate your paper. So present your best aspect. 
\section[{Think like evaluators:}]{Think like evaluators:}\par
If you are in confusion or getting demotivated because your paper may not be accepted by the evaluators, then think, and try to evaluate your paper like an evaluator. Try to understand what an evaluator wants in your research paper, and you will automatically have your answer. Make blueprints of paper: The outline is the plan or framework that will help you to arrange your thoughts. It will make your paper logical. But remember that all points of your outline must be related to the topic you have chosen.  
\section[{Ask your guides:}]{Ask your guides:} 
\section[{Informal Guidelines of Research Paper Writing}]{Informal Guidelines of Research Paper Writing} 
\section[{Key points to remember:}]{Key points to remember:}\par
? Submit all work in its final form.\par
? Write your paper in the form which is presented in the guidelines using the template.\par
? Please note the criteria peer reviewers will use for grading the final paper. 
\section[{Final points:}]{Final points:}\par
One purpose of organizing a research paper is to let people interpret your efforts selectively. The journal requires the following sections, submitted in the order listed, with each section starting on a new page:\par
The introduction: This will be compiled from reference matter and reflect the design processes or outline of basis that directed you to make a study. As you carry out the process of study, the method and process section will be constructed like that. The results segment will show related statistics in nearly sequential order and direct reviewers to similar intellectual paths throughout the data that you gathered to carry out your study. 
\section[{The discussion section:}]{The discussion section:}\par
This will provide understanding of the data and projections as to the implications of the results. The use of good quality references throughout the paper will give the effort trustworthiness by representing an alertness to prior workings.\par
Writing a research paper is not an easy job, no matter how trouble-free the actual research or concept. Practice, excellent preparation, and controlled record-keeping are the only means to make straightforward progression. 
\section[{General style:}]{General style:}\par
Specific editorial column necessities for compliance of a manuscript will always take over from directions in these general guidelines.\par
To make a paper clear: Adhere to recommended page limits. 
\section[{© Copyright by Global Journals}]{© Copyright by Global Journals} 
\section[{XIV | Guidelines Handbook}]{XIV | Guidelines Handbook}\par
Mistakes to avoid:\par
? Insertion of a title at the foot of a page with subsequent text on the next page.\par
? Separating a table, chart, or figure-confine each to a single page.\par
? Submitting a manuscript with pages out of sequence.\par
? In every section of your document, use standard writing style, including articles ("a" and "the").\par
? Keep paying attention to the topic of the paper.\par
? Use paragraphs to split each significant point (excluding the abstract).\par
? Align the primary line of each section.\par
? Present your points in sound order.\par
? Use present tense to report well-accepted matters.\par
? Use past tense to describe specific results. Write your summary when your paper is completed because how can you write the summary of anything which is not yet written? Wealth of terminology is very essential in abstract. Use comprehensive sentences, and do not sacrifice readability for brevity; you can maintain it succinctly by phrasing sentences so that they provide more than a lone rationale. The author can at this moment go straight to shortening the outcome. Sum up the study with the subsequent elements in any summary. Try to limit the initial two items to no more than one line each.\par
Reason for writing the article-theory, overall issue, purpose.\par
? Fundamental goal.\par
? To-the-point depiction of the research.\par
? Consequences, including definite statistics-if the consequences are quantitative in nature, account for this; results of any numerical analysis should be reported. Significant conclusions or questions that emerge from the research. 
\section[{Approach:}]{Approach:}\par
o Single section and succinct. o An outline of the job done is always written in past tense. o Concentrate on shortening results-limit background information to a verdict or two. o Exact spelling, clarity of sentences and phrases, and appropriate reporting of quantities (proper units, important statistics) are just as significant in an abstract as they are anywhere else. 
\section[{Introduction:}]{Introduction:}\par
The introduction should "introduce" the manuscript. The reviewer should be presented with sufficient background information to be capable of comprehending and calculating the purpose of your study without having to refer to other works. The basis for the study should be offered. Give the most important references, but avoid making a comprehensive appraisal of the topic. Describe the problem visibly. If the problem is not acknowledged in a logical, reasonable way, the reviewer will give no attention to your results. Speak in common terms about techniques used to explain the problem, if needed, but do not present any particulars about the protocols here. 
\section[{The following approach can create a valuable beginning:}]{The following approach can create a valuable beginning:}\par
o Explain the value (significance) of the study. o Defend the model-why did you employ this particular system or method? What is its compensation? Remark upon its appropriateness from an abstract point of view as well as pointing out sensible reasons for using it. o Present a justification. State your particular theory(-ies) or aim(s), and describe the logic that led you to choose them. o Briefly explain the study's tentative purpose and how it meets the declared objectives. 
\section[{© Copyright by Global Journals | Guidelines Handbook}]{© Copyright by Global Journals | Guidelines Handbook}
\begin{quote}
XV Approach:\end{quote}
\par
Use past tense except for when referring to recognized facts. After all, the manuscript will be submitted after the entire job is done. Sort out your thoughts; manufacture one key point for every section. If you make the four points listed above, you will need at least four paragraphs. Present surrounding information only when it is necessary to support a situation. The reviewer does not desire to read everything you know about a topic. Shape the theory specifically-do not take a broad view.\par
As always, give awareness to spelling, simplicity, and correctness of sentences and phrases. 
\section[{Procedures (methods and materials):}]{Procedures (methods and materials):}\par
This part is supposed to be the easiest to carve if you have good skills. A soundly written procedures segment allows a capable scientist to replicate your results. Present precise information about your supplies. The suppliers and clarity of reagents can be helpful bits of information. Present methods in sequential order, but linked methodologies can be grouped as a segment. Be concise when relating the protocols. Attempt to give the least amount of information that would permit another capable scientist to replicate your outcome, but be cautious that vital information is integrated. The use of subheadings is suggested and ought to be synchronized with the results section.\par
When a technique is used that has been well-described in another section, mention the specific item describing the way, but draw the basic principle while stating the situation. The purpose is to show all particular resources and broad procedures so that another person may use some or all of the methods in one more study or referee the scientific value of your work. It is not to be a step-by-step report of the whole thing you did, nor is a methods section a set of orders. 
\section[{Materials:}]{Materials:}\par
Materials may be reported in part of a section or else they may be recognized along with your measures. 
\section[{Methods:}]{Methods:}\par
o Report the method and not the particulars of each process that engaged the same methodology. o Describe the method entirely. o To be succinct, present methods under headings dedicated to specific dealings or groups of measures. o Simplify-detail how procedures were completed, not how they were performed on a particular day. o If well-known procedures were used, account for the procedure by name, possibly with a reference, and that's all. 
\section[{Approach:}]{Approach:}\par
It is embarrassing to use vigorous voice when documenting methods without using first person, which would focus the reviewer's interest on the researcher rather than the job. As a result, when writing up the methods, most authors use third person passive voice.\par
Use standard style in this and every other part of the paper-avoid familiar lists, and use full sentences. 
\section[{What to keep away from:}]{What to keep away from:}\par
o Resources and methods are not a set of information. o Skip all descriptive information and surroundings-save it for the argument. o Leave out information that is immaterial to a third party. 
\section[{Results:}]{Results:}\par
The principle of a results segment is to present and demonstrate your conclusion. Create this part as entirely objective details of the outcome, and save all understanding for the discussion.\par
The page length of this segment is set by the sum and types of data to be reported. Use statistics and tables, if suitable, to present consequences most efficiently. You must clearly differentiate material which would usually be incorporated in a study editorial from any unprocessed data or additional appendix matter that would not be available. In fact, such matters should not be submitted at all except if requested by the instructor.  
\section[{Content}]{Content} 
\section[{Approach:}]{Approach:}\par
As always, use past tense when you submit your results, and put the whole thing in a reasonable order.\par
Put figures and tables, appropriately numbered, in order at the end of the report.\par
If you desire, you may place your figures and tables properly within the text of your results section. 
\section[{Figures and tables:}]{Figures and tables:}\par
If you put figures and tables at the end of some details, make certain that they are visibly distinguished from any attached appendix materials, such as raw facts. Whatever the position, each table must be titled, numbered one after the other, and include a heading. All figures and tables must be divided from the text.\begin{figure}[htbp]
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\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Management Behavior}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8\%\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Motivation and Inspiration}\tabcellsep 23\%\tabcellsep 20\%\tabcellsep Agree Neutral\\
14\%\tabcellsep 6\%\tabcellsep 15\%\tabcellsep Strongly Agree Agree\tabcellsep 10\%\tabcellsep 39\%\tabcellsep Disagree Strongly Disagree\\
Year 2018\tabcellsep 25\%\tabcellsep 40\%\tabcellsep Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
50\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
( ) Volume XVIII Issue I Version I\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{20\% 17\% 9\% Working Environment 40\% Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 14\% Strongly Agree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{12\% Increment and Promotion 12\% Strongly Agree Agree 23\% Neutral 45\% Disagree 8\% Strongly Disagree}\\
Engineering\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Job Security\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{10\% 2\%}\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 13\%\tabcellsep 30\%\tabcellsep Agree\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Neutral\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Safety Issues\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{45\%}\tabcellsep Disagree\\
\tabcellsep 8\%\tabcellsep 10\%\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Strongly Disagree\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Agree\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 21\%\tabcellsep Neutral\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{i) Opportunities for Skill Development and Recreational}\\
\tabcellsep 49\%\tabcellsep 12\%\tabcellsep Disagree Strongly Disagree\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Program I have adequate opportunity to develop my working skill and experience. Strongly agree-12\%,}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Agree-28\%, Neutral-9\%, Disagree-41\%, Strongly}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep disagree-10\%.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
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14. Khan, M. A. (2010). Effects of Human Resource\\
). Industrial saf ety in the readymade garment sector: A developing country perspective. Sri Lankan Journal of Manage-ment, 14(1), pp. 4-6. 12. Clean Clothes Campaign (2012). Hazardous\textbackslash workpl aces: Making the Bangladesh garment industry safe, pp. 2-4. Retrieved from: http://www. Cleanclot-hes.org/resources/publications/201211-hazardous Global Journals Guidelines Handbook 2018 12\% 28\% 9\% 41\% Management Practices on Organisation Skill Development Opportunity Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 9\% 25\% 10\% 46\% 10\% Overtime and Overtime Payment Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Performance: Global Journal of Researches in Engineering 52 Year 2018 J ( ) Volume XVIII Issue I Version I www.GlobalJournals.org\\
workplaces.pdf (accessed on April 5, 2015).\\
13. Huselid. (1995). The Impact of Human Resource\\
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  {\small\itshape [Note: Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity and Corporate Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38 (3): 635-672. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/256741.]} 
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? Printed material\tabcellsep \\
? Graphic representations\tabcellsep \\
? Computer programs\tabcellsep \\
? Electronic material\tabcellsep \\
? Any other original work\tabcellsep \\
© Copyright by Global Journals\tabcellsep | Guidelines Handbook\\
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21. Adding unnecessary information:\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: 4. Use of computer is recommended:5. Use the internet for help:]} 
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What to stay away from:\\
o\end{longtable} \par
 
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 			\footnote{© 2018 Global Journals} 			\footnote{© Copyright by Global Journals | Guidelines Handbook} 			\footnote{? The professional accredited with Fellow honor, is entitled to various benefits viz. name, fame, honor, regular flow of income, secured bright future, social status etc.© Copyright by Global Journals} 			\footnote{© Copyright by Global Journals | Guidelines Handbook XI} 			\footnote{© Copyright by Global Journals} 		 		\backmatter  			 
\subsection[{Structure and Format of Manuscript}]{Structure and Format of Manuscript}\par
The recommended size of an original research paper is under 15,000 words and review papers under 7,000 words. Research articles should be less than 10,000 words. Research papers are usually longer than review papers. Review papers are reports of significant research (typically less than 7,000 words, including tables, figures, and references) A research paper must include: a) A title which should be relevant to the theme of the paper. b) A summary, known as an abstract (less than 150 words), containing the major results and conclusions. c) Up to 10 keywords that precisely identify the paper's subject, purpose, and focus. d) An introduction, giving fundamental background objectives. e) Resources and techniques with sufficient complete experimental details (wherever possible by reference) to permit repetition, sources of information must be given, and numerical methods must be specified by reference. f) Results which should be presented concisely by well-designed tables and figures. g) Suitable statistical data should also be given. h) All data must have been gathered with attention to numerical detail in the planning stage.\par
Design has been recognized to be essential to experiments for a considerable time, and the editor has decided that any paper that appears not to have adequate numerical treatments of the data will be returned unrefereed. i) Discussion should cover implications and consequences and not just recapitulate the results; conclusions should also be summarized. j) There should be brief acknowledgments. k) There ought to be references in the conventional format. Global Journals recommends APA format.\par
Authors should carefully consider the preparation of papers to ensure that they communicate effectively. Papers are much more likely to be accepted if they are carefully designed and laid out, contain few or no errors, are summarizing, and follow instructions. They will also be published with much fewer delays than those that require much technical and editorial correction.\par
The Editorial Board reserves the right to make literary corrections and suggestions to improve brevity. 
\subsection[{© Copyright by Global Journals}]{© Copyright by Global Journals} 
\subsection[{X | Guidelines Handbook}]{X | Guidelines Handbook} 
\subsection[{Format Structure}]{Format Structure}\par
It is necessary that authors take care in submitting a manuscript that is written in simple language and adheres to published guidelines. 
\subsection[{All manuscripts submitted to Global Journals should include:}]{All manuscripts submitted to Global Journals should include:} 
\subsection[{Title}]{Title}\par
The title page must carry an informative title that reflects the content, a running title (less than 45 characters together with spaces), names of the authors and co-authors, and the place(s) where the work was carried out. 
\subsection[{Author details}]{Author details}\par
The full postal address of any related author(s) must be specified. 
\subsection[{Abstract}]{Abstract}\par
The abstract is the foundation of the research paper. It should be clear and concise and must contain the objective of the paper and inferences drawn. It is advised to not include big mathematical equations or complicated jargon.\par
Many researchers searching for information online will use search engines such as Google, Yahoo or others. By optimizing your paper for search engines, you will amplify the chance of someone finding it. In turn, this will make it more likely to be viewed and cited in further works. Global Journals has compiled these guidelines to facilitate you to maximize the webfriendliness of the most public part of your paper. 
\subsection[{Keywords}]{Keywords}\par
A major lynchpin of research work for the writing of research papers is the keyword search, which one will employ to find both library and internet resources. Up to eleven keywords or very brief phrases have to be given to help data retrieval, mining, and indexing.\par
One must be persistent and creative in using keywords. An effective keyword search requires a strategy: planning of a list of possible keywords and phrases to try.\par
Choice of the main keywords is the first tool of writing a research paper. Research paper writing is an art. Keyword search should be as strategic as possible.\par
One should start brainstorming lists of potential keywords before even beginning searching. Think about the most important concepts related to research work. Ask, "What words would a source have to include to be truly valuable in a research paper?" Then consider synonyms for the important words.\par
It may take the discovery of only one important paper to steer in the right keyword direction because, in most databases, the keywords under which a research paper is abstracted are listed with the paper. 
\subsection[{Numerical Methods}]{Numerical Methods}\par
Numerical methods used should be transparent and, where appropriate, supported by references. 
\subsection[{Abbreviations}]{Abbreviations}\par
Authors must list all the abbreviations used in the paper at the end of the paper or in a separate table before using them. 
\subsection[{Formulas and equations}]{Formulas and equations}\par
Authors are advised to submit any mathematical equation using either MathJax, KaTeX, or LaTeX, or in a very high-quality image. 
\subsection[{Tables, Figures, and Figure Legends}]{Tables, Figures, and Figure Legends}\par
Tables: Tables should be cautiously designed, uncrowned, and include only essential data. Each must have an Arabic number, e.g., Table  {\ref 4}, a self-explanatory caption, and be on a separate sheet. Authors must submit tables in an editable format and not as images. References to these tables (if any) must be mentioned accurately. 
\subsection[{Discussion:}]{Discussion:}\par
The discussion is expected to be the trickiest segment to write. A lot of papers submitted to the journal are discarded based on problems with the discussion. There is no rule for how long an argument should be.\par
Position your understanding of the outcome visibly to lead the reviewer through your conclusions, and then finish the paper with a summing up of the implications of the study. The purpose here is to offer an understanding of your results and support all of your conclusions, using facts from your research and generally accepted information, if suitable. The implication of results should be fully described.\par
Infer your data in the conversation in suitable depth. This means that when you clarify an observable fact, you must explain mechanisms that may account for the observation. If your results vary from your prospect, make clear why that may have happened. If your results agree, then explain the theory that the proof supported. It is never suitable to just state that the data approved the prospect, and let it drop at that. Make a decision as to whether each premise is supported or discarded or if you cannot make a conclusion with assurance. Do not just dismiss a study or part of a study as "uncertain." o You may propose future guidelines, such as how an experiment might be personalized to accomplish a new idea. o Give details of all of your remarks as much as possible, focusing on mechanisms. o Make a decision as to whether the tentative design sufficiently addressed the theory and whether or not it was correctly restricted. 			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Yardley (2012)]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Comparative Statement on Export of RMG and Total Export of Bangladesh’.  		 			Jim Yardley 		.  	 	 		\textit{BGMEA}  		23 August 2012. 2014. June 2015. 5.  	 	 (Made in Bangladesh: Export Powerhouse Feels Pangs of Labor Strife) 
\bibitem[Hansen ()]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		 			F Hansen 		.  	 	 		\textit{Currents in Compensation and Benefits},  				2002. 34 p. .  	 
\bibitem[References Références Referencias 1 (2008)]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{References Références Referencias 1},  		November 2008. 29 October 2008.  	 	 (Textiles on the WTO Website) 
\bibitem[Latifee and Hafiz (2017)]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘RMG sector towards a thriving future’.  		 			Enamul Latifee 		,  		 			Hafiz 		.  	 	 		\textit{The Daily Star. Retrieved},  				15 March 2017.  	 
\bibitem[Uddin and Nazim]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		‘Role of Ready-Made Garment Sector in Economic Development of Bangladesh’.  		 			Mohammad Uddin 		,  		 			Nazim 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Accounting}  		 	 	 (Business \& Management) 
\bibitem[Pushpakumari ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Job Performance: an Empirical Analysis’.  		 			M D Pushpakumari 		.  	 	 		\textit{City Forum}  		2008. 9  (1)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Vos et al. ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		‘What HR managers do versus what employees value Exploring both parties' views on retention management from a psychological contract perspective’.  		 			D Vos 		,  		 			Ans 		,  		 			A Meganck 		.  	 	 		\textit{Personnel Review}  		2009. 38  (1)  p. .  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
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