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\title{Design and Analysis of Compact UWB BPF Using Parallel Coupled Microstrip Line With DGS}
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             \author[1]{Satish Chand  Gupta}

             \affil[1]{  Rajasthan Technical University,}

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\date{\small \em Received: 8 December 2016 Accepted: 31 December 2016 Published: 15 January 2017}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


This paper presents design and analysis of a simple and compact ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter using parallel-coupled micro strip line with DGS.A two poles filter is designed by a parallel couple micro strip line. A rectangular defective ground plane is used to enhance coupling between lines i.e. better return loss in UWB range. Simulation of this proposed filter is carried out on CST MWS software, and fabricated using microwave laminate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and height 0.762mm with loss tangent 0.001.Measured results are compared with simulation results with good agreement. The electrical equivalent model of this filter is also presented in this paper. The equivalent model of this filter is verified by comparing the frequency response of equivalent circuit of the filter and simulated frequency response of this filter.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{multi-mode resonator (MMR), fractional bandwidth (FBW), ultra-wide band (UWB), band pass filter (BPF), parallel-coupled micro strip line(PCML), defecti}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
parallel-coupled micro strip line with DGS.A two poles filter is designed by a parallel couple micro strip line. A rectangular defective ground plane is used to enhance coupling between lines i.e. better return loss in UWB range. Simulation of this proposed filter is carried out on CST MWS software, and fabricated using microwave laminate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and height 0.762mm with loss tangent 0.001.Measured results are compared with simulation results with good agreement. The electrical equivalent model of this filter is also presented in this paper. The equivalent model of this filter is verified by comparing the frequency response of equivalent circuit of the filter and simulated frequency response of this filter. n 2002, Federal Communication Commission (FCC) released Ultra wide band (UWB) system from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for the use of indoor and hand-held systems. Ultra-wideband (UWB) band pass filters play a key role in the development of UWB systems \hyperref[b0]{[1]}. After the release of UWB, there were lot of challenges to design such a band pass filters with a pass band of the frequency range (3.1 GHz -10.6 GHz), and a fractional bandwidth of 110\% for conventional filter design. Initially broad band filters were designed, and covered only 30 to 40 \% of UWB not the whole UWB \hyperref[b1]{[2]}.In \hyperref[b2]{[3]}\hyperref[b3]{[4]}\hyperref[b4]{[5]}\hyperref[b5]{[6]} {\ref [7]} many researcher reported various techniques, like aperture compensation, micro strip-coplanar waveguide structure design, ground plane aperture technique and multiplemode resonator were used to design UWB filters. Many new techniques \hyperref[b7]{[8]}\hyperref[b8]{[9]}\hyperref[b9]{[10]}\hyperref[b11]{[11]}\hyperref[b12]{[12]}\hyperref[b13]{[13]}, like U-shaped Slot Coupling \hyperref[b7]{[8]},asymmetric parallel-coupled lines \hyperref[b8]{[9]},right/lefthanded transmission line \hyperref[b9]{[10]},differential-mode wide band BPF using two stage branch-line structure with open circuited stubs \hyperref[b11]{[11]},tunable harmonic steppedimpedance resonators \hyperref[b12]{[12]} and parallel coupled line micro strip structure \hyperref[b13]{[13]} were used to design the UWB filter.\par
The synthesis of UWB filter has been carried out by various approaches presented in \hyperref[b14]{[14]}\hyperref[b15]{[15]}.\par
The transfer function of the proposed UWB was synthesized having two short circuited stubs with two stages of stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) \hyperref[b14]{[14]}.In \hyperref[b15]{[15]},series multi conductor transmission lines (MTLs) and ashunt MTL were used to design various UWB filters and a new approach was presented to synthesis the transfer function of UWB filter.\par
In this paper a design and analysis of a compact UWB filter is presented. In section 2, design and development of the UWB filter using single PCML and DGS is demonstrated. The electrical analysis of the filter is mentioned in section 3.Finally paper is concluded in section.4.\par
The layout of the proposed structure is shown in Fig. \hyperref[fig_0]{1} which consist a quarter wavelength parallel coupled micro strip line (PCML) with a rectangular shaped DGS. The designed structure of filter is optimized by using CST Microwave Studio software on the microwave laminate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2,height h = 0.762 mm and loss tangent 0.001.The design parameters of the proposed filter are mentioned in TABLE  {\ref 1}.Introduction I. 
\section[{Design of UWB Filter}]{Design of UWB Filter}\par
Keywords: multi-mode resonator (MMR), fractional bandwidth (FBW), ultra-wide band (UWB), band pass filter (BPF), parallel-coupled micro strip line(PCML),defective ground plane structure (dgs). The optimized structure of this filter is fabricated using conventional microwave integrated circuits (MIC) technology, the photograph of the fabricated filter is shown in Fig.  {\ref 2}.The frequency response (S 11 \&S 21 ) of this fabricated filter is measured on Agilent Tech. E5071C ENA Vector Network Analyzer. The measured frequency response is compared with simulated frequency response which is in close approximation, and it is shown in Fig.  {\ref 3 (a)}.It is observed from the frequency response of the fabricated filter, that the pass band of this filter exists from 3.1 GHz to 10.9 GHz, insertion loss (S 21 ) of -0.5 dB and return loss (S 11 ) better than 10 dB. The group delay is also measured and compared with simulation value, and it is observed that this filter having a flat group delay of value 0.35 ns approximately, which is shown in Fig.  {\ref 3 (b)}.A slight mismatch in the results is due to imperfection in fabrication process, quality of substrate and SMA connectors. The surface current distribution at center of the frequency 6.85 GHz is shown in Fig.  {\ref 3(c}    ( )? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 SL SC SM SC SL SM SM SM SC SL SM SC SL SC SL D C B A --(1)\par
For the simplification of the matrix multiplication, we have assumed some constant parameters.\par
Where S= j =j2?fSM SC SL P ? + = 2 2 1 And ( ) 2 2 2 2 1 SM SM SC SL Q ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 3 0 SL SC P SM Q P SC SL D C B A ??? (2) Let 3 0 2 1 C L S R + =\par
The insertion and return loss of UWB filter can be calculated by converting the ABCD-parameters into Sparameters. To calculate these, we assumeD CZ BY A o + + + = ? 0 ( ) 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 2 3 2 3 2 0 2 2 1 2 Z QR M SL R SPL PL QR SC M L PR Z Q C S SM PR SC Z + ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? + + ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? = ? --(6)\par
Similarly, we assume that   {\ref ------------------(}   A simple and compact two poles UWB band pass filter using PCML with DGS is implemented. It is observed that the introduction of DGS in micro strip line circuit enhance the bandwidth of the system. The electrical analysis of this proposed filter is carried out by conventional circuit theory. The size of filter is of size (7.0mm ?6.0mm) and such filter may be useful for the systems of UWB communication.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + ? + ? + + ? + + ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? PR RQ SC M L P C L S Q C S SM P SC SPRL QR M SL PR SL C PL S QR SC M L PR D C B A 3 0 3 0 2 2 3 2 3 0 2 2 0 0 3 0 2 3 0 1 2 -----(5) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? + ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? R\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Fig. 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{23}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Fig. 2 :Fig. 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{34}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Fig. 3 :Fig. 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}Fig. 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}1 -}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_6}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_7}?}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6}\includegraphics[]{image-9.png}
\caption{\label{fig_8}Fig. 6 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-10.png}
\caption{\label{figure10}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-11.png}
\caption{\label{figure11}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{Design and Analysis of Compact Uwb Bpf Using Parallel Coupled Microstrip Line With Dgs © 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
