\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={Algorithm Development for Determination of Fault Location of Transmission Lines in a Branched Electrical Distribution Networks},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2017-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2017)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2017-01-15}
\title{Algorithm Development for Determination of Fault Location of Transmission Lines in a Branched Electrical Distribution Networks}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Elmir  Khakimzyanov}

             \author[2]{Ramil  Mustafin}

             \affil[1]{  Kazan State Power Engineering Univercity, EC}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 11 December 2016 Accepted: 2 January 2017 Published: 15 January 2017}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


The article proposes an algorithm for determining phase-to-phase fault of branched electrical networks power lines with 6-10 kV voltage. A feature of the algorithm is the application of the calculation theory of the emergency modes, taking into account the impact of network load and transient resistance in phase-to-phase faults.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{distribution network, phase-to-phase fault, the parameters of the emergency mode, the determination of fault location, transient resistance.}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{I. INTRODUCTION}]{I. INTRODUCTION}\par
igh rates of power grids development while reducing the specific numbers of operating personnel require the accelerated introduction of automation, including the fault location devices (FLD) on transmission lines (TL).\par
A variety of types and nature of faults and conditions of the power grid does not allow to obtain any universal algorithm for FLD.\par
According to this, a review of existing techniques for phase-to-phase faults and short circuits on the ground is reduced to the determination of section of the phase circuit by the use of sensors (indicators) of current, established, usually in areas of lines branching. The circuit rectification is conducted through the line bypassing by operation mobile team. Implementation of the methodology requires a serious financial investment (the cost of the project is proportional to the number of indicators of current), the organization of information transmission over a wireless communication channel \hyperref[b0]{[1]}\hyperref[b1]{[2]}\hyperref[b2]{[3]}. Consequently, such indicators can be only "defining" points for the bypass route of the line.\par
interphase short circuit \hyperref[b3]{[4]} {\ref [5]}\hyperref[b4]{[6]} {\ref [7]}. There are FLD techniques and algorithms for a double ground circuit in electrical medium voltage networks with isolated neutral that are presented in works \hyperref[b5]{[8]}\hyperref[b6]{[9]}\hyperref[b7]{[10]}\hyperref[b8]{[11]}\hyperref[b9]{[12]}, novelty of these lies in the special scheme of resistance control devices connection at which the calculated emergency mode resistance is proportional to the distances to the locations of ground circuits.\par
FLD phase-to-phase faults are realized as oneway or two-way measurement fault quantities (FQ). Usually, by the calculation of short circuit loop resistance using symmetrical components of voltage and current of the line \hyperref[b1]{[2,}\hyperref[b10]{[13]}\hyperref[b11]{[14]}\hyperref[b12]{[15]}. This method is successfully applied in high voltage transmission lines that do not have branches. However, in the branched medium voltage networks accuracy of the method decreases due to the effect of load mode on branches of the network and the value of the transition resistance at the fault site.\par
The use of FLD devices based on the wave method requires special fault detection system configuration, and special high frequency joining devices line processing \hyperref[b13]{[16]}\hyperref[b14]{[17]}\hyperref[b15]{[18]}. 
\section[{II. ALGORITHM PROPOSED FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM}]{II. ALGORITHM PROPOSED FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM}\par
Modern methods of FLD on FQ imply assumptions that distort the results of calculation of the distance to the fault site. Such assumptions include the elimination of the influence of the load current or transition resistance in the place of short circuit \hyperref[b16]{[19]}. Improving methods of FLD in FQ will reduce the error.\par
The algorithm is designed for determining distance to phase-to-phase short circuit (SC) of a complex configuration network with regard to the influence of the network load resistance and the transition resistance in the place of short circuit, indicating the damaged portion of the network.\par
To identify compensation algorithms, the network load and the resistance of the transition FQ has to be calculated on example of tri-end electric network with voltage of 10 kV (Fig. 1) and its equivalent circuit forward (reverse) sequence (Fig. 2) when two-phase short-circuit on the OL2 site (point K2). 
\section[{H}]{H}\par
Review of existing methods of FLD for more complex types of ground circuit (e.g. double ground circuit) does not give a clear idea of the accuracy of the distance calculations. As a rule, existing devices of the FLD determine only the fact of appearance of a double ground circuit, without specifying the characteristics of the fault (on the same or on different lines) and not indicating distances to points of damage. Thus, depending on the nature of a double ground circuit, the damage is defined as ground circuit determination or  
\section[{Global}]{Global}Z Z Z R Z Z Z R Z Z Z Z Z Z R Z Z Z R Z Z Z Z Z + ? + + ? ? + + + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? + + ? ? + ? + + = ,\textbf{(1)}\par
where Zkz -impedance of the emergency mode defined by the phase-to-phase voltage with respect to the difference of currents of two phases (the classic circuit for measuring on resistance responsive to phase-tophase damage \hyperref[b17]{[20]}\hyperref[b18]{[21]}); Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 -impedance sections of transmission line; Z n1 , Z n2 -impedance of load of the consumers (including the resistance of the transformers TA); R p is the contact resistance at the injury site.\par
In the expression (1) unknown quantity is the resistance Z 21 , the inductive resistance of which is by way of transformation will be determined by a polynomial of 3rd degree:0 3 21 3 2 21 2 21 1 0 = + + + x C x C x C C . (\textbf{2})\par
Desired resistance x21 is obtained by discarding the imaginary roots of the equation, it will be proportional to the distance to fault on the section OL2:? 21 res L x x = ,\textbf{(3)}\par
where Xres-resistivity direct sequence transmission lines.\par
Verification of the proposed FLD algorithm was conducted in the MatLab Simulink software package, in which the simulated circuit, shown in Fig. 1. has the parameters of the transmission line OL1-OL3: Gud = 0.33 ?/km HUD = 0.37 Ohm/km; load: ?P1 = 4000 kVA, ?P2 = 1600 kVA, cos? = 0,6. Point two-phase short- According to the equivalent circuit of the network in emergency mode (Fig. 2) full resistance Z kz will be defined as: Current and voltage oscillograms analysis in emergency mode showed the following results: the short-circuit current was 0.9 kA, the voltage across the tyre supply substation is 9.2 kV.\par
Distance to the fault by the formula (1-3) was identified as 10.8 km after the tap off, which is a 4\% error of the FLD calculations.\par
Network damaged section identification is carried out by criterion of decrease in active power load as a result of changes in the parameters of network mode. So, in the event of short-circuit on the OL2 phase active power of the loads P1 into the joining was reduced to 1648 kW, and the load P2 to 1,077 kWh. Thus, the most profound reduction of active power on the load P1 indicates the damaged area OL2. Commited changes of output can be produced with the help of the analysis of electric energy digital meters indicators.\par
An additional criterion that allows to identify the damaged tap is the negative sequence voltage monitoring. The damaged consumer phase voltage negative sequence will be higher compared to consumers in the undamaged sections of the network \hyperref[b9]{[12]}.\par
Let's compare the results of FLD calculations with other techniques used in practice by the formula \hyperref[b0]{(1)}\hyperref[b1]{(2)}\hyperref[b2]{(3)}. So, the built-in function of the FLD waveform analysis in the Fast View program  {\ref [22]} indicates the 16.8 km (the error is 16\%) distance to the fault site. In addition, this technique does not give information about the site location of the point KZ.\par
The closest solution to the designed algorithm is a patent solution \hyperref[b19]{[23]}. The calculation using the presented technique indicated distance to a fault 13.9 km from the beginning of the tap off, the error is about 20\%.\par
Thus, the distribution networks of medium voltage FLD algorithm was determined, based on the control FQ, which differs from other methods of FLD that perform calculating the distance to fault when considering a tree topology network, as well as the transient resistance of the fault.\par
A series of model studies show the magnitude effect of the load power and the values of the transition resistance at the fault site on the accuracy of the FLD process in the proposed method according to calculations by the formulas (1-3). Calculation error results are illustrated in figure (Fig. 3), which shows that at the maximum power load of the consumers is 8 MVA and the transition resistance of 25 ?, the FLD error does not exceed 9\%, which is lower compared to other techniques used in practice. Calculation of the FQ on example of the same electric network with voltage of 10 kV (Fig. 1) in the twophase short-circuit in the K1 at the site OL1 (distance to fault 5 km, the contact resistance is 20 Ohms). An equivalent circuit of the direct (reverse) sequence in emergency mode shown in Fig. 4. Z Z Z R Z Z Z R Z Z + ? + + ? ? + = , (\textbf{4})\par
Where Z1=Z11+Z12 is the impedance of the main part of the transmission line, Zn is the impedance of consumers load (including the resistance of the transformers on TS) and lines defined by the formula:( ) ( ) 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 n n n n n n n Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z jx r Z + + + + ? + = + = .\textbf{(5)}\par
Then, the solution of the FLD problem is similar to the first example.\par
FLD calculation according to the formulas (1-5) showed the following results: distance to fault was 5.1 km, the relative error is 1.6 \%.\par
Built-in FLD waveform analysis function of Fast View program, and the method of \hyperref[b19]{[23]} indicates 5.5 km distance to the fault site (the error is 10.7\%).\par
However, the comparing analysis of changes in the active power of the loads P1 and P2 shows a slight divergence between them, which is the criterion of damage on the main section of the line. The active power of the loads P1 amounted to 1684 kW, and load N2 -929 kW.\par
The fault distance calculation according to the presented method in networks with a large number of taps (of any configuration) will be similar to the two examples above.\par
The fault location algorithm can be realized on the existing microprocessor elements (the terminal), or on a separate computing device. 
\section[{III. CONCLUSION}]{III. CONCLUSION}\par
The algorithm of determining the distance to a two-phase fault is developed, considering the influence of load current and the transition resistance in the place of circuit, the error of which on average 10\% lower compared to the existing and applied in practice the methods of the FLD.\par
In this case, the impedance Z kz will be defined as: Global\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{92017}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}9 2017 F}\end{figure}
     \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.7155813953488372\textwidth}P{0.1344186046511628\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{5. Indicators Short Circuit Ikz, Ooo "Optp "Anthrax".}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{[Electronic Resource]. -Fryazino. -Mode Of}\\
Access:\tabcellsep Http://Antrax-Energo.Ru/Index.Php?\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Option=Com\textunderscore Content\&View=Article\&Id=64\&Itemi}\\
d=135.\tabcellsep \\
Year 2017\tabcellsep \\
12\tabcellsep \\
F\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{Author ? ? ?: Kazan State Power Engineering Univercity, EC. e-mail: eig86@mail.ru} 			\footnote{© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Podshivalin (1937)]{b16}\label{b16} 	 		\textit{Adaptation of methods of determining the place of damage to the modern requirements of operation of transmission lines / Podshivalin A. N},  		 			A N Podshivalin 		.  		3 7 June 2013. 2013. Yekaterinburg; Yekaterinburg.  	 	 (// Modern trends of development of systems of relay protection and automation of power systems) 
\bibitem[Khakimzyanov (ed.)]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		\textit{Behavior Measurement Of The Resistance Bodies In The Double Ground Faults In Distribution Networks 6-35},  		 			E F Khakimzyanov 		.  		Kv / E. F. Khakimzyanov, R. G. Isakov // Relay Protection And Automation. -2014. -?1 (ed.)  		p. .  	 
\bibitem[Khakimzyanov et al.]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		\textit{Definition of the damaged section of the distribution network in the "double earth fault},  		 			E F Khakimzyanov 		,  		 			A I Fedotov 		,  		 			R G Mustafin 		,  		 			R U Galeeva 		.  		 	 	 (proceedings of universities. The energy problems. -2016. -? 7-8. -P. 3-8) 
\bibitem[Artsishevsky ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘Determination Of Places Of Damage Of Power Transmission Lines In Networks With Isolated Neutral’.  		 			Y L Artsishevsky 		.  	 	 		\textit{Proc. Manual / Ya. L. Artsishevsky, M.: Higher School},  				 (Manual / Ya. L. Artsishevsky, M.: Higher School)  		1989. 87.  	 
\bibitem[Khakimzyanov and Et]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		\textit{Determination Of The Distance To Fault Transmission Lines At A Double Ground Fault // Energetika Tatarstana},  		 			E F Khakimzyanov 		,  		 			Al Et 		.  		p. .  	 
\bibitem[Khakimzyanov et al. ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{Determination Of The Distance To The Ground Double Ground Faults On A Power Line Distribution Network Medium Voltage // Proceedings Of The Universities. The Energy Problems},  		 			F E Khakimzyanov 		,  		 			R G Mustafin 		,  		 			A I Fedotov 		.  		2015. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Arzhannikov et al. ()]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		\textit{determination of the place short circuits on highvoltage transmission lines},  		 			E A Arzhannikov 		,  		 			V Y Lukoyanov 		,  		 			M S Misrihanov 		.  		2003. Energoatomizdat. 272.  	 
\bibitem[Ziegler (ed.) ()]{b17}\label{b17} 	 		\textit{Digital distance protection: principles and application / translation from English},  		 			G Ziegler 		.  		A. F. Dyakova. M. Energoizdat (ed.)  		2005.  	 	 (322 p) 
\bibitem[Equipment monitoring and diagnostics OL 6 / 10kV "ABDUL ()]{b15}\label{b15} 	 		\textit{Equipment monitoring and diagnostics OL 6 / 10kV "ABDUL},  		 \url{http://zra.ru/energy\textunderscore items/id8/?class=energy\textunderscore items.Thetitle.screen(20.05}  		2015.  	 
\bibitem[Http://Www.Navi-Spb.Ru/Files/Linetroll.Pdf. The Title. Screen (ed.) (2007)]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		\textit{Fault Indicators For Overhead Lines Line troll. The Range Of Products},  		Http://Www.Navi-Spb.Ru/Files/Linetroll.Pdf. The Title. Screen (ed.)  		March 2007. 20. 2015. p. 5.  	 
\bibitem[Saha and Izykowski ()]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		\textit{Fault Location on Power Networks},  		 			M M Saha 		,  		 			J Izykowski 		.  		2010. Springer-Verlag London Limited.  	 	 (406 p) 
\bibitem[Indicator Microprocessor Locking Imf-1r. The User's Manual. Technical Description. -Zelenograd, Jsc "Radius Automation]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{Indicator Microprocessor Locking Imf-1r. The User's Manual. Technical Description. -Zelenograd, Jsc "Radius Automation},  		 46 P.  		 	 
\bibitem[Khakimzyanov et al.]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		\textit{Measuring On Resistance, Revealing A Double Earth Fault In Distribution Networks 6-35 Kv // Relay Protection And Automation},  		 			F E Khakimzyanov 		,  		 			R G Mustafin 		,  		 			R G Isakov 		.  		 2014. -?3.  		p. .  	 
\bibitem[Kuzmin ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		‘Methods Of Determining The Area Of Damage In Distribution Networks 6-35 Kv, Based On The Autonomous Current Sensors’.  		 			I L Kuzmin 		.  	 	 		\textit{Cand. Tech. Sciences: 05.09.03 / I. L. -Kazan},  				2011.  	 
\bibitem[Kulikov (ed.) ()]{b14}\label{b14} 	 		\textit{Novgorod: publishing house of Volga-Vyatka Academy of state service},  		 			A L Kulikov 		.  		M. S. Misrikhanov. -N. (ed.)  		2006.  	 	 (Digital remote assessment of damage to power lines / A. 315 p) 
\bibitem[Minullin et al. ()]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		\textit{Radar diagnostics of overhead power lines},  		 			R G Minullin 		,  		 			G ; R 		,  		 			I S Minullin 		,  		 			Fardiev 		,  		 			-Kazan 		.  		2008.  		 			Kazan state power engineering University 		 	 	 (202 p) 
\bibitem[Shneerson ()]{b18}\label{b18} 	 		 			E Shneerson 		.  		\textit{Digital relay protection},  				2007. Energoatomizdat. 549.  	 
\bibitem[Eisenfeld (ed.) ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{The Locking Indicators Of Current And Voltage Life-And, Lipp-In},  		 			A Eisenfeld 		.  		Fpt And Nef / V. N. Aronson, V. G. Glowacki. -Moscow (ed.)  		1989. Energoatomizdat. 86.  	 
\bibitem[Hajibabaei et al. ()]{b19}\label{b19} 	 		\textit{The method of measuring the distance to a short circuit},  		 			/ Hajibabaei 		,  		 			G R Hajibabaei 		,  		 			E G Publ 		.  		 RF patent ? 2468378.  		2012. 27.  	 
\bibitem[Ya ()]{b10}\label{b10} 	 		 			Artsishevsky Ya 		.  		 93 P.  		\textit{ISR of transmission lines in networks with grounded neutral / Ya. l. Artsishevsky, M.: Higher school},  				1988.  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
