Abstract

Cellular communication has witnessed tremendous growth during the past couple of decades. It plays an inevitable role in day-today life and in modernizing the human society. Throughout the evolution of cellular networks, many standards have come into existence, in order to meet the growing demand of ubiquitous, high quality voice, data and multimedia services. Besides, next generation cellular networks are in the necessity to offer seamless services even at the cell-edges and indoor provinces where the requirement for the cellular services is never the less. Though there is a growing demand for higher data rate services every day, the conventional macro cell (MC) is unable to provide better coverage extension to cell-edge users. To handle indoor and outdoor traffic growth, the recent heterogeneous network has emerged with an answer in the form of small cell technology. A study on fem to cell (FC) network along with its challenges is elaborated in this paper. We concentrate on revealing the importance of fem to cells and its evolution phases. As well, the technical challenges faced in fem to cell network are detailed to this end.