@incollection{,
	
					
					
					EDAC8218B69269B8AAAA32CF38ABCBD1
				,
	author={{MohamedGhannam} and {Mansoura University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}},
	journal={{GJRE}}2249-45960975-586110.34257/gjre,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}172111
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strengthening of existing single-span steelbeam and concrete deck bridges}}
		,
	author={{
			KFDunker
		} and {
			FWKlaiber
		} and {
			BLBeck
		} and {
			WWSanders
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Final Report Part II. ISU-HR-238, ERI Project 1536}}
				
			,
	year={1985}
		
		
			Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State University, Iowa Department of Transportation Highway Division and the Iowa Highway Research Board
		
	
	,
	note={ERIAmes-85231}

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strengthening of an existing continuous-span, steel-beam, concrete deck bridge by Post}}
		,
	author={{
			FWKlaiber
		} and {
			KFDunker
		} and {
			SMPlanck
		} and {
			WWSanders
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Tensioning. Final Report}}
		
			,
	year={1990}
		
		
			ISU-ERI-Ames -90210. Ames: Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State University, Iowa Department of Transportation Highway Division and the Iowa Highway Research Board
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prestressed composite girder under positive moment. journal of structural Engineering}}
		,
	author={{
			BMAyyub
		} and {
			YSohn
		} and {
			HSaadatmanesh
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1990}
			
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prestressed composite girder I: experimental study for negative. journal of structural engineering}}
		,
	author={{
			BMAyyub
		} and {
			YGSohn
		} and {
			HSaadatmanesh
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1992}
			
		
	

}

@book{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prestressed composite Girder II : Analytical study for negative moment. journal of structural engineering}}
		,
	author={{
			BMAyyub
		} and {
			YGSohn
		} and {
			HSaadatmanesh
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1992}
			118
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strengthening of steel girder bridges using FRP}}
		,
	author={{
			BMPhares
		} and {
			TJWipf
		} and {
			FWKlaiber
		} and {
			AAbu-Hawash
		} and {
			YLee
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Proceedings of the 2003 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium}}
				the 2003 Mid-Continent Transportation Research SymposiumAmes, Iowa
		
			,
	year={2003}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prestressed steel arch bridge}}
		,
	author={{
			CPNazir
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{IE (I) Journal .CV}}
		
			84
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluation of a friction component for a post-tensioned steel connection}}
		,
	author={{
			GDPetty
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
		
		
			Theses and Dissertations, Lehigh University
		
	
	,
	note={Paper 629}

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Post-tensioned moment connections with a bottom flange friction device for seismic resistant selfcentering steel MRFS}}
		,
	author={{
			JMRicles
		} and {
			RSause
		} and {
			MWolski
		} and {
			C-YSeo
		} and {
			JIyama
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{4th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering Taipei}}
				
			,
	year={Taiwan October 12-13, 2006}
		
	
	,
	note={Paper No. 108}

}

@book{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Numerical and experimental studies of self-centering posttensioned steel frames}}
		,
	author={{
			DWang
		} and {
			AFiliatrault
		}}
		
		MCEER- 08-0017
		
			,
	year={2008}
		
		
			University at Buffalo, State University of New York
		
	
	,
	note={Technical Report}

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Plastic limit analysis of self-centering steel moment resisting frames with post-tensioned friction damped connections}}
		,
	author={{
			CPRojas
		} and {
			VMCaballero
		} and {
			JMRicles
		} and {
			RSause
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering}}
				Beijing, China
		
			,
	year={October 12-17, 2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Seismic performanceof steel self-centering, momentresisting frame: hybrid simulations under design basis earthquake}}
		,
	author={{
			Y-CLin
		} and {
			RSause
		} and {
			JMRicles
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Structural Engineering}}
		
			11
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Largescale experimental validation of steel posttensioned connections with web hourglass pins}}
		,
	author={{
			GVasdravellis
		} and {
			TLKaravasilis
		} and {
			BUy
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of structural engineering}}
		
			6
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strengthing Steel Frames by Using Post Tensioned Cable}}
		,
	author={{
			NSMahmoud
		} and {
			ABadr
		} and {
			FASsalem
		} and {
			MGhannam
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Life Science Journal}}
		
			1
			11
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effect of post tensioning on strengthening different types of steel frames}}
		,
	author={{
			MGhannam
		} and {
			NSMahmoud
		} and {
			ABadr
		} and {
			FASalem
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of King Saud University -Engineering Sciences}}
		
			,
	year={2016}
		
	
	,
	note={Article in press}

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strengthening and repairing of an existing steel bridge using post tensioning. International journal of civil and structural engineering}}
		,
	author={{
			MGhannam
		} and {
			NSMahmoud
		} and {
			ABadr
		} and {
			FASalem
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2014}
			5
			
		
	

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications The American Associates of State High Way and Transportation Officials}}
				Washington, DC
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	
	,
	note={fourth Edition}

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Egyptian Code for Calculating Loads and Forces on Structures, code no. ECP 201. Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities, Housing and Building National Research Centre}}
		
			,
	year={2008}
			,
	address={Cairo, Egypt}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Posttensioned trusses: analysis and design}}
		,
	author={{
			BMAyyub
		} and {
			AIbrahim
		} and {
			DSchelling
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of structural engineering}}
		
			6
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Posttensioned trusses: reliability and redundancy}}
		,
	author={{
			BMAyyub
		} and {
			Ibrahim
		} and {
			A
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of structural engineering}}
		
			116
			6
			
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Parametric study of truss bridges by the post-tensioning method}}
		,
	author={{
			K-BHan
		} and {
			Park S-K
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering}}
		
			2
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Innovation Case Study No 9: Posttensioned steel trusses for long span roofs, A series of innovation case studies, the BRITE Project of the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation}}
		,
	author={{
			KManley
		}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
			8
		
	

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{275 Technology Drive, Canonsburg, PA 15317, United States}}
		2484 -2484.14 -2349 -2097 -2484 -2119.5 -2484.14 -2094.93 -2484.14 -2125.31 10 2484 2484.14 2484 2097 1710 2394 2484.14 2094.93 1533.29
		,
	editor={ANSYS. Verification Manual, Release 10.0. ANSYS}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			9
		
	

}