\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={Electrospinning Polyacrylonitrile to Make Carbon Nanofibers for Energy Conversion Applications},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2017-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2017)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2017-01-15}
\title{Electrospinning Polyacrylonitrile to Make Carbon Nanofibers for Energy Conversion Applications}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Yong X.  Gan}

             \affil[1]{  California State Polytechnic University}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 13 December 2016 Accepted: 31 December 2016 Published: 15 January 2017}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


This work deals with the thermo- electric properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were tested. The nanofibers were formed using the electrospinning process. Part of the material was heat treated to achieve stabilization then both samples underwent hyperthermia testing. It was observed that the PAN nanofibers did show a significant temperature response to the electromagnetic input.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{electrospinning, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), nanofiber, heat treatment, hyperthermia.}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par
anofibers have received much attention recently for their unique properties. They exhibit a high porosity and high surface area to volume ratio as well as unique thermal and mechanical properties \hyperref[b0]{[1]}. The electrospinning process has made the production of nanoscale fibers cheaper and easier to accomplish than previously developed methods. Electrospinning is performed by exposing a small jet of the desired material to a relatively high voltage, usually in the range of 5kV to 30kV. This voltage causes the material to undergo stretching and bending as it gets farther away from the voltage point in the pattern of a Taylor Cone, as studied in depth by Sir Geoffrey Taylor \hyperref[b1]{[2]}. The reduction of area is caused by instability of the material leading to a bending and stretching action, as confirmed by high speed camera \hyperref[b2]{[3]}. The solvent is evaporated off during this process, leaving only the desired fibers on the collector. Fiber size decreases with a smaller initial jet and slower flow rate. Lower material concentration in the solution also decreases fiber size \hyperref[b3]{[4]}. Nanoscale fibers have been achieved for many materials and the list is constantly growing. The new materials must be tested to find their respective properties before practical applications can be assigned. In this work, the thermo-electric properties of polyacrylo-nitrile nanofibers will be tested. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is commonly used to create carbon nanofibers. Due to difficulties in dissolving the material for spinning, no meaningful work was done creating PAN fibers until 1925 \hyperref[b4]{[5]}. Since then, PAN fibers have found uses in a verity of fields. The porosity of PAN nanofibers have given them use in filtering applications. These applications already include air filtering \hyperref[b5]{[6]} and heavy metal removal from water \hyperref[b6]{[7]}\hyperref[b7]{[8]}. Unmodified PAN nanofibers have seen little practical use. Heat treatment is widely used to change the properties of the material to make them more useful. An initial stabilization heat treatment is performed on the fibers at a temperature above 260 o C \hyperref[b9]{[9]}.\par
To achieve carbon nanofibers, a higher temperature must be used. The PAN material undergoes full carbonization at around 1600 o C \hyperref[b10]{[10]}. While strength can vary by fiber diameter, applied heat treatment, and experimental process, a controlled test found a tensile strength of 300-600 MPa and a Young's Modulus of 40-60 GPa for PAN nanofibers \hyperref[b11]{[11]}. With a proper heating reaction from an electromagnetic field, PAN nanofibers could also be used in medicine delivery. The porosity of the material allows it to absorb a substance then be positioned in the body. The proper heating will cause the material to swell and release the absorbed material \hyperref[b12]{[12]}. It has also been used to generate localized heating to combat cancer cells \hyperref[b13]{[13]}. These ideas are directly linked to hyperthermia testing. 
\section[{II. Experimental Procedures}]{II. Experimental Procedures}\par
The solution was prepared using 0.5g polyacrylonitrile powder (Mw: 150,000) and 5mL dimethylformamide. To ensure the powder was completely dissolved, the solution was heated in a water bath and mixed with a glass rod for approximately 30 minutes. The solution was loaded into a syringe and underwent the electrospinning process at a voltage of 7.5kV and a flow rate of 0.005mL/min. Portions of the specimens were taken for heat treatment. The material was wrapped in foil and placed in the furnace. The material was slowly heated to 500 o C then held at that temperature for 2 hours.Both original and heat treated specimens were subjected to hyperthermia testing. Non-heated material temperatures were taken with an infrared temperature sensor. The specimen was subjected to an electromagnetic field for a controlled length of time then temperature was measured again. 
\section[{III. Results and Discussion}]{III. Results and Discussion}\par
The hyperthermia test results can be found in the two tables below for the as-spun (Table \hyperref[tab_0]{1}) and heat treated (Table \hyperref[tab_1]{2}) specimens, respectively. The reason for 6 columns of temperatures is due to the following consideration. We took six representative points for  \hyperref[tab_1]{2}. The reason for this increased hyperthermia behavior may be due to the composition change of the nanofibers. After the heat treatment, the nanofibers are carbonized. Polymeric carbon could be more sensitive to the external electromagnetic field than the precursor PAN polymer. This is because the carbon has better electrical conducting behavior. The electromagnetic wave energy is converted more effectively into heat since the better the conductive of the material, the more intensive of the inductive response.  
\section[{IV. Conclusion}]{IV. Conclusion}\par
Both as-spun and heat treated polyacrylonitrile nanofibers showed a significant temperature response when subjected to an electromagnetic field. Both samples were subjected to the same field with controlled exposure times. The results showed an increased reaction from the heat treated material.\par
The findings of this work suggest possible use of PAN nanofibers as a drug delivery system and localized cancer treatment. The porosity of the material has already found use as filters. With the proper heating, PAN fibers could be used to hold and release medicine inside a body when subjected to an electromagnetic stimulant. The rapid heat reaction could also be used to locally combat cancer in sensitive areas of the body. However, further study should be completed on specific material amount, desired field strength and frequency, and porosity response to temperature change before used in either of these methods. \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}N}\end{figure}
  \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.06270491803278688\textwidth}P{0.773360655737705\textwidth}P{0.013934426229508197\textwidth}}
Time (s)\tabcellsep Temperature ( o C)\tabcellsep Avg.\\
0\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4}\\
5\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6}\\
10\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{25.8 25.8 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.5}\\
15\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{29.6 29.6 29.6 29.6 29.6 29.6 29.6}\\
20\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{36.6 35.4 35.2 35.4 36.6 35.2 35.7}\\
30\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{41.4 41.4 39.2 39.2 39.8 40.6 40.3}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.06270491803278688\textwidth}P{0.773360655737705\textwidth}P{0.013934426229508197\textwidth}}
Time (s)\tabcellsep Temperature ( o C)\tabcellsep Avg.\\
0\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{21.4 21.2 21.6 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.3}\\
5\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{22.0 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.0 22.0 22.1}\\
10\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.0 25.0 25.1}\\
15\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0}\\
20\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{33.6 33.6 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.6 33.5}\\
30\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{45.0 46.4 46.4 46.6 46.0 46.0 46.1}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter   			 
\subsection[{V. Acknowledgements}]{V. Acknowledgements} 			  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Kim et al.]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		‘A Smart Hyperthermia Nanofiber with Switchable Drug Release for Inducing Cancer Apoptosis’.  		 			Y Kim 		,  		 			M Ebara 		,  		 			T Aoyagi 		.  	 	 		\textit{Advanced Functional Materials2013},  				23 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Lee et al. ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘Activated Carbon Nanofiber Produced From Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber as a Highly Efficient Formaldehyde Adsorbent’.  		 			K J Lee 		,  		 			N Shiratori 		,  		 			G H Lee 		,  		 			J Miyawaki 		,  		 			I Mochida 		,  		 			S Yoon 		,  		 			J Jang 		.  	 	 		\textit{Carbon}  		2010. 48 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Cipriani et al. ()]{b10}\label{b10} 	 		‘Crosslinking and Carbonization Processes in PAN Films and Nanofibers’.  		 			E Cipriani 		,  		 			M Zanetti 		,  		 			P Bracco 		,  		 			V Brunella 		,  		 			M P Luda 		,  		 			L Costa 		.  	 	 		\textit{Polymer Degradation and Stability}  		2016. 123 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Zhou et al. ()]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		‘Development of Carbon Nanofibers from Aligned Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Bundles and Characterization of Their Microstructural, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties’.  		 			Z Zhou 		,  		 			C Lai 		,  		 			L Zhang 		,  		 			Y Qian 		,  		 			H Hou 		,  		 			D H Reneker 		,  		 			H Fong 		.  	 	 		\textit{Polymer}  		2009. 50 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Duan et al. ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		‘Effects of Stabilization Temperature on Structures and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based Stabilized Electrospun Nanofiber Mats’.  		 			Q Duan 		,  		 			B Wang 		,  		 			H Wang 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B: Physics}  		2012. 51 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Taylor ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘Electrically Driven Jets’.  		 			G Taylor 		.  	 	 		\textit{Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences}  		1969. 1969. 313 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Subbiah et al. ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		‘Electro-spinning of Nanofibers’.  		 			T Subbiah 		,  		 			G S Bhat 		,  		 			R W Tock 		,  		 			S Parameswaran 		,  		 			Ramkumar 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Applied Polymer Science}  		2005. p. 557.  	 
\bibitem[Wang and Kumar ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers’.  		 			T Wang 		,  		 			S Kumar 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Applied Polymer Science}  		2006. 102 p. 1023.  	 
\bibitem[Shin et al. ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		‘Experimental Characteri-zation of Electrospinning: the Electrically Forced Jet and Instabilities’.  		 			Y M Shin 		,  		 			M M Hohman 		,  		 			M P Brenner 		,  		 			G Rutledged 		.  	 	 		\textit{Polymer}  		2001. 12 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Kumar and Mohammad ()]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		‘Magnetic Nanomaterials for Hyperthermia-Based Therapy and Controlled Drug Delivery’.  		 			C Kumar 		,  		 			F Mohammad 		.  	 	 		\textit{Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews}  		2011. 63 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Nanofiber Membranes for the Adsorption of Metal Ions: Comparison with Microfibers Journal of Hazardous Materials ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		‘Nanofiber Membranes for the Adsorption of Metal Ions: Comparison with Microfibers’.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Hazardous Materials}  		2011. 186 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Neghlani et al.]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		 			P K Neghlani 		,  		 			M Rafizadeh 		,  		 			R Taromi 		.  		\textit{Preparation of Aminated Polyacrylo-nitrile},  				 	 
\bibitem[Nataraj et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘Polyacrylonitrile-Based Nanofibers: A State-of-the-Art Review’.  		 			S K Nataraj 		,  		 			K S Yang 		,  		 			T Aminabhavi 		.  	 	 		\textit{Progress in Polymer Science}  		2012. 37 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Kampalanonwat and Supaphol ()]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		‘Preparation and Adsorption Behavior of Aminated Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Mats for Heavy Metal Ion Removal’.  		 			P Kampalanonwat 		,  		 			P Supaphol 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Applied Materials and Interfaces}  		2010. 2 p. .  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
