\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={Friction Stir Welding of Austenitic NiTi Shape Memory Alloys},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2017-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2017)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2017-01-15}
\title{Friction Stir Welding of Austenitic NiTi Shape Memory Alloys}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Raphael Henrique Falcao de  Melo}

             \author[2]{Lima J.  S}

             \author[3]{Neto A. C.  W}

             \affil[1]{  Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 10 December 2016 Accepted: 2 January 2017 Published: 15 January 2017}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


This prospective work aims to evaluate the weldability of thin sheets of NiTi shape memory alloy by friction stir welding process. The phase transformation temperature was determined by ERT, the mechanical properties were evaluated by Vickers microhardness and tensile test. The fracture surface was investigated by SEM. The welded joints remained in the austenitc state after welding, achieved ultimate tensile strength of 700 MPa and 13% strain the main fracture mode was ductile.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{NITI shape memory alloy, friction stir welding process, mechanical properties.}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
iTi shape memory alloys (SMA) are a unique class of metals that show non-diffusional phase transformation in the solid state induced by temperature changes and/or mechanical loads \hyperref[b0]{[1]}\hyperref[b1]{[2]}\hyperref[b2]{[3]}, differently of conventional engineering metals. The shape memory properties combined with the good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the NiTi shape memory alloys make them high attractive to smart engineering applications, such as Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS). On the other hand, these alloys present great problems of machining and conformability that limit their applications. Thus welding techniques appears as a viable technological alternative to obtain complex geometry components made of shape memory alloys \hyperref[b4]{[4,}\hyperref[b5]{5]}.\par
Joining NiTi SMA by fusion welding processes is a technological challenge due to the formation of fragile intermetallic compounds, which leads to a intense loss of tenacity in the welded joints, due to solidification cracks associated with the dendritic microstructure of the weld metal. In addition, precipitation of deleterious phases in the thermally affected zone and in the weld metal can result in severe reduction of mechanical resistance \hyperref[b6]{[6]}\hyperref[b7]{[7]}\hyperref[b8]{[8]}\hyperref[b9]{[9]}\hyperref[b10]{[10]}. Solid state welding processes, like friction stir welding (FSW), are a technical alternative to join these alloys because no precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds occurs \hyperref[b11]{[11]}. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Materials and Methods}]{Materials and Methods}\par
In this paper an austentic NiTi shape memory thin sheet was used. Table  {\ref 1} shows the chemical composition of the sheet, according to Sunrise Titanium Technology Co. Ltd.\par
Tab.1: Chemical composition of thin sheets (wy.\%)Ti (\%) Ni (\%)\par
44,09 55,91\par
After previous studies, the FSW process parameters used was 180 mm/min welding travel speed and rotation of tool tip of 1500 rpm. A 4-axis HOMI machining center was used to fabricate the welded joints. The tool shoulder diameter is 17 mm and the tip diameter is 2mm.\par
The phase transformation temperature was determined by variation of the electrical resistance as a function of the temperature (ERT) \hyperref[b1]{[2]} with an average heating or cooling rate of 4°C/min cooling from 100°C to -60°C and then heating to 100°C. The microhardness measurements were performed using a microindenter model FM-700 from Future Tech, applying a load of 50 gf for 15 seconds with a distance between the indentations approximately of 200 µm. Tensile tests were performed on an MTS 810 testing machine with a displacement rate of 0.05mm/min at room temperature. The fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a TESCAN microscope, VEGA 3 SBH model. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Results and Discussion}]{Results and Discussion}\par
Fig. \hyperref[fig_0]{1} shows the percentage variation curves of the electrical resistance as a function of temperature (ERT), using the temperature of 100°C as the austenitic reference state. The profile of the curve in the friction stir welded condition indicates, qualitatively, that the material will be in the austenitic state at room temperature (about 25°C). It is only possible to identify a slight inflection of the ERT curve, indicating possible temperature of beginning of the R phase transformation (Rs) from phase. This behavior is similar to that of NiTi SMA alloys that have been subjected to cold or hot rolling, which phase transformation are blocked due to the characteristic hardening of this manufacturing process \hyperref[b1]{[2,}\hyperref[b11]{11]}. The R phase is a transition state between the austenitic and martensitic phases of NiTi SMA characterized by a trigonal crystalline structure with rhombohedral distortion \hyperref[b12]{[12]}. Fig. \hyperref[fig_1]{2} shows the Vickers microhardness profile of the welded joint. It is possible to verify that the hardness in the stir zone is higher than the base metal, due to the mechanical work of the FSW process, which promotes grain refining and consequent increase of resistance \hyperref[b11]{[11]}. In Fig. \hyperref[fig_2]{3} it is possible to observe the stressstrain behavior of NiTi SMA welded joint. The welded joint showed satisfactory mechanical resistance \hyperref[b13]{[13,}\hyperref[b14]{14,}\hyperref[b15]{15]}, reaching a ultimate tensile strength of 700 MPa and 13\% strain, higher than those observed by other authors that utilized fusion welding processes \hyperref[b5]{[5,}\hyperref[b7]{7,}\hyperref[b16]{16,}\hyperref[b18]{18,}\hyperref[b19]{19,}\hyperref[b20]{20,}\hyperref[b21]{21,}\hyperref[b22]{[22]}\hyperref[b23]{[23]}\hyperref[b24]{[24]}\hyperref[b25]{[25]}\hyperref[b26]{[26]} and equal to those who used solid state welding processes \hyperref[b11]{[11,}\hyperref[b27]{27]} except Shinoda et al \hyperref[b28]{[28]}.   
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
In this paper thin sheets of NiTi SMA were welded by FSW process. The welded joint obtained by this process presented good mechanical properties and it was capable of achieve 700 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 13\% strain. The welded joint remained in the austenitc phase state after welding, differently of fusion welding process. The stress induced martensite occurs at 450 MPa in the welded condition, 50 MPa above the base metal. The increase in mechanical resistance in detriment of ductility observed indicates that hardening occurs in function of the mechanical work of the friction stir welding process. \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Fig. 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Fig. 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Fig. 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Fig. 4 :}\end{figure}
  			\footnote{© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Jani et al.]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{},  		 			J M Jani 		,  		 			M Leary 		,  		 			A Subic 		,  		 			M A Gibson 		.  		 	 
\bibitem[Ikai et al. ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{},  		 			A Ikai 		,  		 			K Kimura 		,  		 			H Tobush 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures}  		1996. 7 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Lukás et al. ()]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		\textit{},  		 			P Lukás 		,  		 			P Sittner 		,  		 			D Lugovoy 		,  		 			D Neov 		,  		 			M Ceretti 		.  	 	 		\textit{Appl. Phys. A}  		2002. 74 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Falvo et al. ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		\textit{},  		 			A Falvo 		,  		 			F M Furgiuele 		,  		 			C Maletta 		.  	 	 		\textit{Mat Sci Eng A}  		2005. 412 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Song et al. ()]{b23}\label{b23} 	 		\textit{},  		 			Y G Song 		,  		 			W S Li 		,  		 			L Li 		,  		 			Y F Zheng 		.  	 	 		\textit{Mat. Let}  		2008. 62 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Khan et al. ()]{b25}\label{b25} 	 		\textit{},  		 			M I Khan 		,  		 			S K Panda 		,  		 			Y Zhou 		,  		 			T Mater 		.  	 	 		\textit{Jim}  		2008. 49 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Zhao et al. ()]{b26}\label{b26} 	 		\textit{},  		 			X K Zhao 		,  		 			L Lan 		,  		 			H Sun 		,  		 			J H Haung 		,  		 			H Zhang 		,  		 			Y Wang 		.  	 	 		\textit{Materials Letters}  		2010. 64 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Gong et al. ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		\textit{},  		 			W H Gong 		,  		 			Y H Chen 		,  		 			L M Ke 		.  	 	 		\textit{Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China}  		2011. 21 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Chan et al. ()]{b17}\label{b17} 	 		\textit{},  		 			C W Chan 		,  		 			H C Man 		,  		 			F T Cheng 		.  	 	 		\textit{Mat Sci Eng A}  		2012. 559 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Mirshekari et al. ()]{b14}\label{b14} 	 		\textit{},  		 			G R Mirshekari 		,  		 			A Saatchi 		,  		 			A Kermanpur 		,  		 			S K Sandrnezhaad 		.  	 	 		\textit{Optics \& Laser Technology}  		2013. 54 p. .  	 
\bibitem[ Mater Des ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{},  	 	 		\textit{Mater Des}  		2014. 56 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Vondrous et al. ()]{b10}\label{b10} 	 		\textit{Annals of DAAAM for 2012 \& Proceedings of the 23rd International DAAAM Symposium},  		 			P Vondrous 		,  		 			L Kolarik 		,  		 			M Kolarikova 		.  		2012. Vienna. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Vondrous et al. ()]{b19}\label{b19} 	 		\textit{Annals of DAAAM for 2012 \& Proceedings of the 23rd International DAAAM Symposium},  		 			P Vondrous 		,  		 			L Kolarik 		,  		 			M Kolarikova 		.  		2012. Vienna. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Amorim and Andrade ()]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		‘Avaliação das Propriedades Termomecânicas de Fios de Liga com Memória de Forma NiTi Soldados por Pulsos de Micro TIG’.  		 			Fernando Amorim 		,  		 			Andrade 		.  	 	 		\textit{Soldag. insp}  		2015. 20  (4)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Rao et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		\textit{Design of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) Actuators},  		 			A Rao 		,  		 			A R Srinivasa 		,  		 			J N Reddy 		.  		2012. Texas: Springer.  	 
\bibitem[Zheng et al. ()]{b18}\label{b18} 	 		‘Effect of ageing treatment on the transformation behavior of Ti-50.9 at.\% Ni alloy’.  		 			Y Zheng 		,  		 			F Jiang 		,  		 			L Li 		,  		 			H Yang 		,  		 			Y Liu 		.  	 	 		\textit{Acta Materialia, v}  		2008. 56 p. .  	 
\bibitem[London et al. ()]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		\textit{Friction Stir Processing of Nitinol. Friction Stir Welding and Processing III},  		 			B London 		,  		 			J Fino 		,  		 			A R Pelton 		,  		 			M Mahoney 		.  		2005. Warrendale. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Schlossmacher et al. ()]{b22}\label{b22} 	 		‘Laser welding of Ni-rich TiNi shape memory alloy: mechanical behavior’.  		 			P Schlossmacher 		,  		 			T Haas 		,  		 			A Schussler 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal de Phsyique}  		1997. 4  (7)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Sevilla et al. ()]{b24}\label{b24} 	 		‘Laser welding of NiTi orthodontic archwires for selective force application’.  		 			P Sevilla 		,  		 			F Martorell 		,  		 			C Libenson 		,  		 			J Planell 		,  		 			F Gil 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Materials Science: Materials Medical}  		2008. 19 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Zeng et al. ()]{b20}\label{b20} 	 		‘Laser welding of NiTi shape memory alloy wires and tubes for multi-functional design applications’.  		 			Z Zeng 		,  		 			M Yang 		,  		 			J P Oliveira 		,  		 			D Song 		,  		 			B Peng 		.  	 	 		\textit{Smart Materials and Structures}  		2016. p. 25.  	 
\bibitem[Vieira ()]{b21}\label{b21} 	 		\textit{Laser welding of Shape Memory Alloys. Dissertação de mestrado submetida a Lisboa},  		 			L M Vieira 		.  		2010. Portugal.  		 			Universidade Nova de Lisboa 		 	 
\bibitem[Gugel and Theisen ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘Microstructural investigations of laser welded dissimilar nickeltitanium-steel joints’.  		 			H Gugel 		,  		 			W Theisen 		.  	 	 		\textit{Proceedings 8th European symposium on martensitic transformations},  				 (8th European symposium on martensitic transformations)  		2009. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Van Der Eijk et al. ()]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		‘Plasma Welding of NiTi to NiTi’.  		 			C Van Der Eijk 		,  		 			H Fostervoll 		,  		 			Z Sallom 		,  		 			O M Akselsen 		.  	 	 		\textit{Stainless Steel and Hastelloy C276, Int. Conf. Joining of Specialty Materials VI Program, ASM Materials Solutions Conf. \& Exposition},  				 (Pittsburgh, PA, USA)  		2003.  	 
\bibitem[Van Der Eijk et al. ()]{b16}\label{b16} 	 		‘Plasma Welding of NiTi to NiTi’.  		 			C Van Der Eijk 		,  		 			H Fostervoll 		,  		 			Z Sallom 		,  		 			O M Akselsen 		.  	 	 		\textit{Stainless Steel and Hastelloy C276, Int. Conf. Joining of Specialty Materials VI Program, ASM Materials Solutions Conf. \& Exposition},  				 (Pittsburgh, PA, USA)  		2003.  	 
\bibitem[Meir et al. ()]{b27}\label{b27} 	 		\textit{Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, v. 30},  		 			S Meir 		,  		 			S Gordon 		,  		 			M Karsh 		,  		 			A Wiezman 		,  		 			R Ayers 		,  		 			D L Olson 		.  		2011.  	 
\bibitem[Lagoudas ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications},  		 			D C Lagoudas 		.  		2008. Texas: Springer.  	 
\bibitem[Otsuka and Wayman ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{Shape Memory Materials},  		 			K Otsuka 		,  		 			C M Wayman 		.  		1998. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.  	 
\bibitem[Shinoda et al. ()]{b28}\label{b28} 	 		\textit{Transactions of the},  		 			T Shinoda 		,  		 			T Tsuchiya 		,  		 			H Takahashi 		.  		1991. Japan Welding Society. 22.  	 
\bibitem[Oliveira et al.]{b15}\label{b15} 	 		‘Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding of Ni-Rich NiTi plates: functional behavior’.  		 			J P Oliveira 		,  		 			D Barbosa 		,  		 			Braz Fernandes 		,  		 			F M Miranda 		,  		 			RM 		.  	 	 		\textit{Smart Materials and Structures}  		25 p. .  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
