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\title{Design and Construction of a Portable Charger by using Solar Cap}
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             \author[1]{Tahmid Hasan  Rupam}

             \author[2]{Farhana Jesmin  Tuli}

             \author[3]{Md Habibur  Rahman}

             \affil[1]{  University of Dhaka}

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\date{\small \em Received: 14 December 2016 Accepted: 2 January 2017 Published: 15 January 2017}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


Sun is a source of renewable energy called solar energy. Solar energy is a basic need of living plants and human being on the earth. By the use of solar energy there is no pollution and no waste. There are many fields of using solar energy. It can be used directly in a variety of thermal applications like heating of water or air, charging batteries, drying, distillation, cooking etc.Bangladesh is an under developing country. It is a country of lot of problems. Energy crisis is one of the important problems. To overcome this problem solar energy may be used as an alternative. It is not possible to solve the giant problem over a night but it can be decreased. Solar energy is one kind of renewable energy. Everyday a lot of power is used for charging purpose like mobile, camera, light etc.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{solar PV module, PIC microcontroller, LDR sensor, ON/OFF smart solar charge controller, LED street lights, automatic brightness control etc.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
nergy crisis is one of the basic problem in developing country like Bangladesh. One step to overcome this problem may be the use of solar energy as an alternative. A huge amount solar energy is available in the environment that can be utilized and also could be stored to use any suitable time.\par
Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulated with air.\par
Author ? ? ?: Department of Mechanical Engineering, khulna University of Engineering \& Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh. e-mail: rakibme2k9@gmail.com Sun is responsible for most of accessible energy resources. Solar energy can be used both directly and indirectly. It can be used directly in a variety of thermal applications like charging of batteries, heating water or air, drying, distillation, cooking etc. The heated fluids can in turn be used for applications like power generation. A second way in which solar energy can be directly through the photovoltaic effect in which it is converted to electrical energy. Indirectly, the sun causes winds to blow, plants to grow, rain to fall and temperature differences to occur from the surface to the bottom of oceans. Useful energy can be obtained for commercial and non-commercial purposes through all these renewable sources. Solar portable charger is one type of chargers which can be carried any place at any time. In addition, a good portable solar charger should be straightforward and easy to use. In this type of portable charger, solar panel is placed on the cap which is put on the head. When sun strikes on the solar panel photons release from it. Then electron starts flow though the cable which is connected with solar panel. A PCB board is also connected with solar panel. Solder the positive output wire of the voltage regulator to the USB's positive. Similarly, connect the negative output of regulator to the negative of USB. The USB port must be fixed properly to the PCB board. A reservoir is used which store charge and supply charge to the battery when require.\par
Solar portable charger is very effective for everyday use. It is suitable for use in rural area where electricity is not available or load shading frequently occur. Travelers and advantageous people can also use this type portable charger. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Design a) Assumptions for Design}]{Design a) Assumptions for Design}\par
? Solar panel should be capable of supplying \hyperref[b4]{[5]}\hyperref[b5]{[6]} volts.\par
? The cap should be easily carried.\par
? Reservoir should store charge properly and supply it when require. 
\section[{b) Design of Components}]{b) Design of Components}\par
Different components needed for this system are designed. When designing above assumptions are taken under consideration. 
\section[{E Year 2017}]{E Year 2017} 
\section[{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( ) Volume XVII Issue V Version I A}]{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( ) Volume XVII Issue V Version I A}\par
? Solar panel There were various types of solar panel. In this construction TYN355-366 type solar panel was used. The capacity of this type of solar panel was 5V (volt) and 5W (watt).It could able to supply 800-1000 mA current which was required for charging a battery (mobile, camera etc.). It was required to place the solar panel perfectly on the head. So that the dimension is selected Length= 16 cm, Width= 12 cm 
\section[{? Reservoir}]{? Reservoir}\par
The length of the reservoir was 10.3 cm and width is 2.8 cm. Reservoir had charged storing capacity. It was able to supply charge to battery when required.\par
? system A PCB board was connected with solar panel. The length of the PCB board was 3 cm and width=2cm.USB port and LED lamp attached with PCB board. Finally a cable was connected between battery cell and USB port. The length of the cable was used according to required. 
\section[{c) Description of the designed system}]{c) Description of the designed system}\par
There are two types of charging method a) Direct charging b) Charging by use reservoir. In 'direct charging' method, one end of cable is connected with USB port of solar panel and other end of the cable is connected with battery cell. In 'charging by reservoir' method, only different from the previous method is that it uses a reservoir which primarily store charge. The storage charge from the reservoir then supply to the battery cell by cable.   
\section[{Test Procedure}]{Test Procedure}\par
Batteries were charged both at stationary and moving conditions. In both the cases it was observed to charge the battery successfully. The performance of portable charger depends on solar intensity that was also observed while charging in sunny and cloudy sky. Storing of charge in the reservoir was checked by charging battery at night successfully.\par
V. 
\section[{Result and Discussion}]{Result and Discussion}\par
Test results of battery charger was found satisfactory. It took almost same amount of time to be fully charged from main. Storing of charge and also charging from the reservoir were checked and found satisfactory.\par
Performance of storing of charge and charging of battery were found satisfactory and both were found satisfactory and both were delayed in cloudy sky was also observed. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
A portable solar charger by using a solar cap has been designed and constructed successfully. Battery has been charged directly by the dc voltage produced by a solar panel through a USB port. Performance of the devices has been tested and following results are obtained. 1. Batteries can be charged both stationary and moving condition. 2. Charging time takes almost same amount of time to be fully charged from main. 3. Performance of portable charger depends on solar intensity 4. Charge can be stored in the reservoir.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2131}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Figure 2 . 1 :AFigure 3 . 1 :?}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3233}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 3 . 2 :Figure 3 . 3 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{Design and Construction of a Portable Charger by Using Solar Cap © 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
