@incollection{,
	
					
					
					E8F3E061DBEA0E54E3F80EF2A87B6F99
				,
	author={{Eltayeb HassanOnsa} and {Anwar AdamAhamed} and {Ahmed GasimMahmoud} and {Omuramn Islamic University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}},
	journal={{GJRE}}2249-45960975-586110.34257/gjre,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1533137
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Design Manual for Roads and Bridges: The Design of Integral Bridges}}
		BA 42/96
		
			,
	year={2003}
			1
		
	
	,
	note={Part 12}

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			Bs En
		}}
		,
	title={{Eurocode 1: Actions on structures -Part 1-5: General actions -Thermal Actions}}
				
			,
	year={1991-1-5:2003}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Behavior and Analysis of an Integral Abutment Bridge}}
		,
	author={{
			DHConner
		} and {
			Uffake
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2013}
			,
	address={Logan, Utah, USA}
		
		
			Utah State University
		
	
	,
	note={MSc Thesis}

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Validation of Design Recommendations for Integral -Abutment Piles}}
		,
	author={{
			DDGirton
		} and {
			TRHawkinson&
		} and {
			LFGreimann
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Structural Engineering}}
		
			117
			7
			,
	year={1999. July 1991}
			,
	publisher={ASCE}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Integral Abutment Practices in the United States}}
		,
	author={{
			EdwardPWasserman
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Indian Concrete Journal}}
		
			79
			9
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Field study of an integral back-wall bridge}}
		,
	author={{
			EJHoppe
		} and {
			JPGomez
		}}
		
		VTRC 97-R7: 47 -60
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	address={Virginia Transportation Research Council}
		
	

}

@book{b6,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			MuratDicleli
		} and {
			MSuhail
		} and {
			Albhaisi
		}}
		
		
		,
	title={{Maximum Length of Integral Bridges Supported on Steel H-Piles Driven in Sand. Engineering Structures}}
				
			,
	year={2003}
			25
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Performance of Abutment Backfill System under Thermal Variations in}}
		,
	author={{
			MuratDicleli
		} and {
			MSuhail
		} and {
			Albhaisi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Integral Bridges Built on Clay. Engineering Structures}}
		
			26
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Soil-Structure Interaction of long Jointless Bridges with Integral Abutments.Doctor of Technology Thesis, Publication 605}}
		,
	author={{
			OlliKerokoski
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	address={Finland}
		
		
			Tampere University of Technology
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effective Temperature and Longitudinal Movement in Integral Abutment Bridges}}
		,
	author={{
			RalphGOesterle
		} and {
			JefferySVolz
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Proceedings of the 2005 -FHWA Conference. Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridges}}
				the 2005 -FHWA Conference. Integral Abutment and Jointless BridgesBaltimore, Maryland, USA
		
			,
	year={2005}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridge with and without Soil Interaction}}
		,
	author={{
			RShreedhar
		} and {
			IftikarchappuVinodhosur
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research}}
		
			3
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Behavior of Integral Abutment}}
		,
	author={{
			SamiArsoy
		} and {
			RichardMBarker
		} and {
			J. MichaelDuncan
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1999}
			,
	address={Virginia Transportation Research Council, Virginia, USA}
		
	
	,
	note={Report}

}

@book{b12,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			CVasant
		} and {
			Mistry
		}}
		
		,
	title={{Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridges. Proceedings of the 2005 -FHWA Conference. Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridges}}
				Baltimore, Maryland, USA
		
			,
	year={2005}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Deck Slab Stresses In Integral Abutment Bridges}}
		,
	author={{
			Shehabmourad&Sami
		} and {
			WTabsh
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Bridge Engineering}}
		
			4
			2
			,
	year={1999}
			,
	publisher={ASCE}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			SusanFaraji
		} and {
			JohnMTing
		} and {
			DanielSCrovo
		} and {
			HelmutErnst
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Nonlinear Analysis of Integral Bridges: Finite Element Model}}
				
			,
	publisher={ASCE}
			,
	year={May 2001}
			127
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Volume XV Issue III Version I}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}}
		
	

}