@incollection{, 232DB88E098E9DA60C148362E15A687A , author={{A.Abed}}, journal={{Global Journal of Researches in Engineering}}, journal={{GJRE}}2249-45960975-586110.34257/gjre, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1431318 } @incollection{b0, , title={{Injury Frequency and Head Restraint Effectiveness in Rear End Impact Accidents}} , author={{ JDStates } and { JCBalcerak }} , booktitle={{Proceedings of the 16 th Stapp Car Crash Conference}} the 16 th Stapp Car Crash Conference } @book{b1, , title={{}} , author={{ MIDetroit }} , year={1972} } @incollection{b2, , title={{Analysis of Human Test Subject Kinematic Responses to Low Velocity Rear End Impacts}} , author={{ WEMcconnell } and { RPHoward }} , booktitle={{Vehicle and Occupant Kinematics: Simulation and Modelling. Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Special Publication SP-975}} , year={1993} , note={Paper No. 930889.} } @book{b3, , title={{An Evaluation of Head Restraints -Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202. NHTSA Technical Report, DOT HS-806 108, National Technical Information Service}} , author={{ CJKahane }} , year={1982} , address={Springfield, Virginia 22161, USA} } @incollection{b4, , title={{An in-Depth Study of Neck Injuries in Rear-End Collisions}} , author={{ IOlsson } and { OBunketorp }} , booktitle={{Proc. 1990 Int. IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomechanics of Impacts}} 1990 Int. IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomechanics of ImpactsBron, Lyon, France , year={1990} } @incollection{b5, , title={{Influence of the Seat and Head Rest Stiffness on the Risk of Cervical Injuries in Rear Impact}} , author={{ JYForet-Bruno } and { FDauvilliers }} , booktitle={{Proc.13 th ESV Conf}} .13 th ESV ConfParis, France; NHTSA, USA, DOT HS , year={1991} 807 991 } @incollection{b6, , title={{Occupant Protection in Rear-End Collisions: 1. -Safety Priorities and Seat Belt Effectiveness}} , author={{ MBJames } and { CEStrother }} , booktitle={{Proc. 35th}} 35th } @book{b7, , title={{Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE/P-91/251, SAE paper no 912913}} , year={1991} } @incollection{b8, , title={{Influences of the Physical Parameters on the Risk to Neck Injuries in Low Impact Speed Rear-End Collisions}} , author={{ KOno } and { MKanno }} , booktitle={{Int. IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomech. Of Impacts}} Eindhoven, The Netherlands , year={Sept. 8-10. 1993} } @incollection{b9, , title={{The Enigma of Whiplash Injuries}} , author={{ JDStates } and { MWKorn }} , booktitle={{Proc. 13th AAAM}} 13th AAAM , year={1969} } @incollection{b10, , title={{The Dynamic Behavior of the Head and Cervical Spine During Whiplash}} , author={{ JAMckenzie } and { JFWilliams }} , journal={{J. Biomech}} 4 , year={1971} } @incollection{b11, , title={{Low Speed Rear Impacts and the Elastic Properties and Automobiles}} , author={{ DPRomilly } and { RWTomson }} , journal={{PROC. 12th Int. ESV Conf}} , year={2014} , note={US Year} } @incollection{b12, , title={{Drop Damping Seat to Reduce Whiplash Injury in Rear-end Collision Department of Transp}} , journal={{NHTSA, USA}} , year={1989} } @book{b13, , title={{The Whiplash Encyclopedia}} , author={{ RFerrari }} , year={1999} , publisher={Aspen Publishers Inc} , address={Gaithersburg, PA} } @incollection{b14, , title={{Relationships between Passenger Car Seat Back Strength and Occupant Injury Severity in Rear End Collisions: Field and Laboratory Studies}} , author={{ PPrasad } and { AKim }} , booktitle={{Proceedings of the 41 st Stapp Car Crash Conference}} the 41 st Stapp Car Crash Conference , year={1997} } @incollection{b15, , title={{Low Speed Rear Impacts and the Elastic Properties and Automobiles'}} , author={{ DPRomilly } and { RWTomson }} , journal={{PROC. 12 th Int. ESV Conf}} , year={1989} US Department of Transp., NHTSA, USA } @book{b16, , title={{Influence of the Seat and Head Rest Stiffness on the Risk of Cervical Injuries in Rear Impact}} , author={{ JYForet-Bruno } and { FDauvilliers }} , year={1991} } @book{b17, , title={{Proc.13th ESV Conf}} .13th ESV ConfParis, France; NHTSA, USA, DOT HS 807 991 , note={paper 91-S8-W-19} } @book{b18, , title={{The Whiplash Encyclopedia}} , author={{ RFerrari }} , year={1999} , publisher={Aspen Publishers Inc} , address={Gaithersburg, PA} } @book{b19, , title={{Occupant Protection in Rear-End Collision?: The Role of Seat Back Deformation in Injury Reduction'. Society of Automotive Engineers}} , author={{ CYWarner } and { CEStother }} , year={1991} , note={SAE Paper No. 912914} } @incollection{b20, , title={{An Analytical Approach to the Impact Biomechanics of Head and Neck Injury}} , author={{ BAldman }} , booktitle={{Proceedings 30th Annual AAAM Conference}} 30th Annual AAAM Conference , year={1986} } @book{b21, , title={{A Comparison of Active Head Restraints for Neck Protection in Rear-End Collision}} , author={{ DBigi } and { AHeilig }} , year={1998} , address={Austria} University of Technology Graz , note={Paper No. 98-S5-O-15} } @incollection{b22, , title={{Neck Injury Prevention in Rear-Impact Crashes}} , author={{ CDippel } and { MMuser }} , booktitle={{Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts}} the International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts , year={1997} }