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\title{Evaluate the Behavior of Industry Workers Toward Safety and their Impacts in Environment}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Mustafa Eldoma  Hassan}

             \author[2]{M. I.  Shukri}

             \author[3]{Khalil. B. hmed.  A}

             \affil[1]{  Nile Valley University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970}

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\begin{abstract}
        


In this paper, evaluated the behavior of the workers in the industry toward safety, conducted among workers in workshops and factories in the Omdurman industrial area to identify and highlight the behaviors of workers toward occupational health and safety and their impacts on the environment. Data were collected through a questionnaire given to 58 workers, to explain the attitudes and practices of workers and tanker drivers were observed. Interviews were conducted with number of decision-makers in several departments concerned with the environmental impacts of industry. The workshops studied included welding, carpentry, car repairing, and disposal and restoring batteries. Related, hazards were identified and classified. The caught in or between things had the highest incidence, the machines were the primary cause of fractures, amputation, and wounds (17.2%, 15.5%, 24.2%, respectively). Equipment was leading the main cause of burn and contusive from the heat source (8.6%, 12.1%, respectively). Hazardous materials was the fundamental cause of poisonous from a chemical birth sources, coma, and death (13.8%, 6.9%, respectively).

\end{abstract}


\keywords{safety, occupational health, worker, industry, unsafe acts, accident.}

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{{\textit{CrossRef DOI of original article:}} \underline{}}
\end{textblock*}\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
Evaluate the Behavior of Industry Workers Toward Safety and their Impacts in Environment Abstract-In this paper, evaluated the behavior of the workers in the industry toward safety, conducted among workers in workshops and factories in the Omdurman industrial area to identify and highlight the behaviors of workers toward occupational health and safety and their impacts on the environment. Data were collected through a questionnaire given to 58 workers, to explain the attitudes and practices of workers and tanker drivers were observed. Interviews were conducted with number of decision-makers in several departments concerned with the environmental impacts of industry. The workshops studied included welding, carpentry, car repairing, and disposal and restoring batteries. Related, hazards were identified and classified. The caught in or between things had the highest incidence, the machines were the primary cause of fractures, amputation, and wounds (17.2\%, 15.5\%, 24.2\%, respectively). Equipment was leading the main cause of burn and contusive from the heat source (8.6\%, 12.1\%, respectively). Hazardous materials was the fundamental cause of poisonous from a chemical birth sources, coma, and death (13.8\%, 6.9\%, respectively).\par
Keywords: safety, occupational health, worker, industry, unsafe acts, accident.\par
hearing \hyperref[b3]{[4]}, and ergonomics are related to the space within the workshop building and layout the machine. The size of the workshop does not allow workers to assign separate places for raw materials and products. The passage between devices is so tiny to endanger the workers \hyperref[b4]{[5]}. With rapid industrial development other minerals like asbestos, radioactive ore, oil and diesel which are also source of occupational disease \hyperref[b5]{[6]}. The study conducted that the research is still in its infancy in Sudan, various researchers have examined the nature, source, and impacts of accident, injuries, and illnesses that severely comprises workers Health and safety \hyperref[b6]{[7]}. 
\section[{a) Sample Data Manipulation}]{a) Sample Data Manipulation}\par
The data in this study was collected from the following personal information of the targeted people. As shown in figure 1, the sample was randomly selected from most of the education levels present in the study area, to compare the education level to knowledge. Clear successes indicator were given that confirmed the correct sample selection. The type of job affects the safety behaviors of many workers. So the main occupations concerned with the conduct of workers towards occupational safety and health and their impact on the environment were chosen, as shown in figure 2. udan has witnessed industrialization since the mid-fifties, such as Soap and Oil, Printing, Soft Drink and sweet, cottage industries, and some utilities such as Railways, Water, and Electricity, etc. Spread in several geographical areas. Workers enrolled at that time were in the order of a few thousand. Legislation concerning worker's safety was first passed as envisaged in the workshops and factories ordinance 1949. Although occupational health (OCH) has been practiced since 1967, its functions were only stipulated after the Public Health Act passed in 1975. These stated establishment a section of OCH \hyperref[b0]{[1]}. Small workplaces were not considered in safety policies. When a person walks through, he will immediately notice the lack of security, protection is a culture that must be built in all working in these workplaces \hyperref[b1]{[2]}. The typical, standard physical hazard in most industries is heat, noise, ionizing radiation, and vibration \hyperref[b2]{[3]}. Mechanical vibration produces a level of danger that affect the nerves, and noise exceeds the permissible level, leads to loss of The study area is characterized by age diversity. It has been observed that age has a direct impact on safety procedures, as in figure 3. Also, practical experiences affect occupational safety and health decisions, so multiple occasions were selected in this study, as shown in figure  {\ref 4}. 
\section[{Figure 4: Respondents by experience}]{Figure 4: Respondents by experience}\par
There are many industrial activities in the study area. Two types of activities were selected that have a hazardous on health in the surrounding residential areas, as in figures  {\ref (5 and 6)}.    
\section[{II. Results}]{II. Results}\par
By analyzing the manipulated data, the leading causes of injuries were identified, as shown in the following tables. Table \hyperref[tab_1]{2} shows the technical causes that cause accidents 24.1\% from the arrangement of the machine, 25.9\% from the type of machines, 22.4\% from tool, 22.4\% from lack of maintenance, and 5.2\% from other. As shown in table \hyperref[tab_2]{3}, the accidents from medical causes were 37.9\% from the poor levels of light, 6.9\% from ventilation, 8.6\% from noise, 32.8\% from poisonous material, and 13.8\% from other materials.   Table \hyperref[tab_5]{5} show the accident incidence rate of the different types of accident. The caught in or between things had the highest incidence. The table shows the distribution of accidence according to their causes; it, is clear from the table that machines were the primary cause of fractures, amputation, and wounds (17.2\%, 15.5\% and 24.2\%, respectively). Equipment was the leading cause of burn and contusive from the heat source (8.6\%, 12.1\% respectively). Hazardous materials were the fundamental cause of poisonous from a chemical sources birth, coma, and death (13.8\%, 6.9\%, respectively). 
\section[{III. Discussion}]{III. Discussion}\par
As indicated by the result, the majority of workers early, young in age and have low levels of education not reached primary school. When investigating their knowledge about hazards exposed from the jobs, the finding revealed that their perception towards such hazards was negatively associated with the magnitude of actual the real situations. This indicates that knowledge about the dangers, risk need high levels of education by which individuals can get, the difference between what kinds of risky work. On the other hand, the findings of the interview showed that although the decision-makers in safety are fully aware of the risk of hazards, they complained about the absence of collaborative work for managing these hazards due to neglecting this issue by the specialized authorities. The most frequent unsafe acts by workers were using defective equipment and failure to use perfect equipment, tools, especially in oil and soap. engineering and food industries. This might be due to the lack of regulation of occupational health and safety in Sudan. As regards unsafe personal factors, attitude had the highest percentage in all industrial this might be due to the bad psychological conditions, including, poor wages, critical incident and accidents were caused by combination of equipment and unsafe personal factors. Most researchers believed that unsafe personal factors were key agent for more than 70\% of occupational accidents. 
\section[{IV. Conclusions}]{IV. Conclusions}\par
The study reviewed health and safety. Results showed there is no system for safety and health management in Omdurman-Locality. There are no control or safety measures. There are some gaps in the knowledge of workers in safety and health. However, there is generally a positive attitude to improving industrial safety and health among those surveyed and interviewed. A national program for industrial safety management is essential in Sudan.\par
This work can be further extended by studying the impact of environmental pollution, and the effectiveness of safety procedures on productivity.     \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.679022988505747\textwidth}P{0.06350574712643678\textwidth}P{0.1074712643678161\textwidth}}
Personal causes\tabcellsep Number of people\tabcellsep Percentage \%\\
Deliberate causes\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\%\\
Polemical\tabcellsep 17\tabcellsep 29.3\%\\
Fatigue\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 27.6\%\\
Carelessness\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 30.5\%\\
Other\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 8.6\%\\
Total\tabcellsep 58\tabcellsep 100\%\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{As show in table 1 the personal causes of work}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{accidents, no deliberate causes, but 29.3\% of personal}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{reasons were polemical, 27.6\% of the ground from}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{fatigue, 30.5\% carelessness, and 8.6\% from other}\\
reasons.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.46172839506172836\textwidth}P{0.14166666666666666\textwidth}P{0.24660493827160493\textwidth}}
Technical causes\tabcellsep Number of people\tabcellsep Percentage \%\\
Arrangement of machines\tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 24.1\%\\
Type of machine\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 25.9\%\\
Tools\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 22.4\%\\
Lack of maintenance\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 22.4\%\\
Other\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 5.2\%\\
Total\tabcellsep 58\tabcellsep 100\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.1445578231292517\textwidth}P{0.26598639455782314\textwidth}P{0.43945578231292515\textwidth}}
Number of people\tabcellsep Percentage \%\tabcellsep Medical cause\\
22\tabcellsep 37.9\%\tabcellsep Intensity of light\\
4\tabcellsep 6.9\%\tabcellsep Ventilation\\
5\tabcellsep 8.6\%\tabcellsep Noise\\
19\tabcellsep 32.8\%\tabcellsep Poisonous material\\
8\tabcellsep 13.8\%\tabcellsep Others\\
58\tabcellsep 100\%\tabcellsep Total\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.47164634146341466\textwidth}P{0.12957317073170732\textwidth}P{0.24878048780487802\textwidth}}
Administrative causes\tabcellsep Number of people\tabcellsep Percentage \%\\
Lack of training\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 25.9\%\\
Lack of follows\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 34.5\%\\
Lack of awareness\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 13.8\%\\
Lack of PPE\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 15.5\%\\
Others\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 10.3\%\\
Total\tabcellsep 58\tabcellsep 100\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.18888888888888888\textwidth}P{0.6611111111111111\textwidth}}
24.1\tabcellsep \\
48.3\tabcellsep Unsafe behavior Unsafe work\\
\tabcellsep Personal causes\\
27.6\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.3963483146067415\textwidth}P{0.13848314606741574\textwidth}P{0.3151685393258427\textwidth}}
Common injuries\tabcellsep Number of people\tabcellsep Percentage \%\\
Fractures\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 17.2\%\\
Amputation\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 15.5\%\\
Death\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1.7\%\\
Poisonous\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 13.8\%\\
Wounds\tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 24.2\%\\
Coma\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 6.9\%\\
Burns\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 8.6\%\\
Contusive\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 12.1\%\\
Others\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\%\\
Total\tabcellsep 58\tabcellsep 100\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_5}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
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