ensuring the safety of the population and reducing the damage caused by climate change. Catastrophic phenomena that occur during the global transformation of climatic conditions are diverse. Therefore, the development of various Adaptive Climate Actions is required. The most important is to minimize the negative effects of catastrophic events such as floods, rising ocean levels, abnormal floods droughts, forest fires, reduced crop yields, the spread of undesirable organisms and ecological frustrations. Some dangerous phenomena and processes develop simultaneously and are interdependent. In these cases, it is advisable to develop integrated programs combining several different activities. Adaptive Climate Actions addresses issues that are critical to many people's daily lives and should be prioritized in the allocation of climate finance. This approach is likely to be resisted by numerous environmental officials. However, the measures they are taking to combat climate change do not have a tangible effect and will not give it in the future. Since in different periods of the Earth's existence, the climate and the content of CO 2 in the atmosphere were subject to significant fluctuations. And against the background of these fluctuations, limiting the volume of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases cannot play a significant role.On the contrary, the development of integrated programs of Adaptive Climate Actions will eventually mitigate the negative effects of climate change. Keywords: adaptive climate actions, ocean level rise, abnormal droughts and floods, forest fires, reduced crop yields, the spread of undesirable organisms, ecological frustrations. # ???????????- ??????????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? (??????? 1). ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ? ??????????????????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????????,?????????? ????? ? ??????????????? ?????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ???????????????????. ? ???????????? ? ????, ??? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ???????????. ? ??????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????????.?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????, ? ????????????? ????????,?????. ?????? ? ???, ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????. ????????, ? ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????????.?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????????????????? ? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ???????????????? ????? ? ????????? ??????????? ????????????, ??? ????????????? ??????? ?? 2 ? ?? 4 ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????.???????? ??????? ??????-???? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????????????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? (Soonetal., 1999; ????????,????????. ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????2008; Ð?"??????????, 2019). ?? ???????? ????????????????????,??????????????????????????????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??????????? ???????????????????????????.???????????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ? ?? ?????????. ?????????? ????????. ? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????.??????????????????? ??????? ????????, ??????????? ? ?????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ? ?????????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????????????????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????, ? ????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????.??????? ?? ? ??????????? ????????, ? ?? I. ???????? ???????????? ??????????. ??? ???????????a) ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ? ? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? 1:???????????? ? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????? ??????? (Abbass et al., 2022). ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ???????, ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? (climate actions)(ISO 14080:2018).??? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ? ???? ????????? ????????????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????,???????????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????????????????? ???????.???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????,??????? ??????? ?? 2 ? ?? 4 (Peters et al., 2020; Santosetal.,2022;Tosun,2022;?????????,2022a).?????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????.????????,???????????????????? ?? 2 , ??????????, ???????????? (CCS,CarbonCaptureand Storage), ?.?. ??????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????, ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????????, ????????, ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? (artificialupwelling) ??????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? Ð?"?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? b) ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? Ð?"????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? Ð?"????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? Ð?"????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????. ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????, ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ???????????? ????????????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????. ???????, ???????????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ????????????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????. ??????? ????????, ??? ? ??? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????, ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????. ???, ?????????? ?? 2 ? ????????? ? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????????????, ??? ? ????????? ??? ???? ????????????. ?????????????, ???????? ???????, ????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????, ? ????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ??? ????????????? ???????????????. ? ???????????? ? ????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????: 1. ?: ????????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????. 2. ?: ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????, ????????????? ??? ????????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? (??????? 2). ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????, ??? ? ???????????? ????. ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? (????????????) ????????????. ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????. ????????, ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? . ??????? 2: ???????? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? Ð?"??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????????????,???????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????, ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????-??????????? ??????, ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????,?????????? ?????????? ? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????,?? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? c) ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????. ? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? «?????????????????» ?????? ? ??????????, ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????????, ????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ???????. Ð?"?? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? (emergencies). ??????? ? ???? ??????????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ???????, ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ??????? -?????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? (Lehner et al., 2006; Hirabayashi et al., 2008; Muralikrishnan et al., 2022). ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????, ?? ??????????? ? ?????????. ???????? ???? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ????????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ???? (Held, Soden, 2006; Zika et al., 2018). ????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???????, ????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????,???????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????. ? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ???????????????? ????????. ????????, ? 1970-1974 ??. ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? 1,2 ???. ??????? (??????, 1995). Ð?"?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ??????????? ????, ?.?. ??????? ? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? (Allan, 1998). ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ??????.???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ???, ????????? ????????????? ?? ????? (????????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????) ? ?????? ??? ? ????????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ?????????????, ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ????, ?? ? ? ?????? ????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??-?? ???????????? ? ??? ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????????????. ???????????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ?????????????, ?? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????????. ? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? (Tabari, 2020; Bucherie et al., 2022), ??? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????.??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? (water resources logistics) ?.?. ???????????????? ??????, ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? (?????????, 2017; 2020a; Suzdaleva et al., 2017). ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? (?????????, Ð?"???????, 2014; ?????????, 2015a). ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? -????????????, ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???, ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? (?????????, 2022b). ???????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????. ?????????????, ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????-????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??? ? ????????-???????, ?????????? ?? ??????????, ??? ? ? ????????-???????????, ???????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????. d) ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? (Aldersley et al., 2011; Pontes-Lopes et al., 2021; Richardson et al., 2022). ???????? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????. ? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????, ? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? (?????????) ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????. ??????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????. ?? ????? ????????????, ??? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????, ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????????. ? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????????. ? ???? ????? ??????, ?????????? ? ??????????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ? ???, ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????, ? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. Ð?"????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? (????????, ???????? ????????? ????????, ?????????????? ??????????????? ????). ? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ????????????, ??????????? ? ????? ????????????? ????????. Ð?"?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???. ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????-?????????? (Typograph bar kbeetle) (???. -Ipstypographus), ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????. ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????, ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ????????. e) ???????? ??????? ???????????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????????? ?????????, ? ?.?. ???????? ???????? ??????? (Lesk et al., 2016). ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ?????, ?? ? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ? ?????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? (Nelson et al., 2013). ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? (Froehlich et al., 2018). ? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????? (?????????, 2020b). Ð?"????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ???????, ?? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????. ??? ? ????????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ???????, ???????????? ?? ???????, ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????????. ?????????? ??????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????, ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? (?????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ? ??.) (?????????, Ð?"???????, 2018). ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????????????? ???????, ????????? ? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? (Bhatta et al., 2017; Palomo, 2017).? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????, ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????. ????????, ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ?????? 3 ?????? ? ???, ? ???????? ???????? ?????? (Liu, 2022). f) ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? (?????????, 2015b). ???????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? (ecosystem services). ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? (Performance ?, 2012; Pramova et al., 2012;). ?? ? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? (provisioning services) -??????? ? ????????? ???????? (????????, ?????????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ?? ?????????), ?????????? ?? ?????????, ? ?????????? ?????? (cultural services), ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????????. ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? (Nelson et al., 2013). ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? (???????????, ???????????) ? ????????? ?? ??????. ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????-???????????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? (indigenous peoples), ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????. Ð?"????????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? (????, ????), ??? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? (Locatelli, 2016). ??? ???????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????. Ð?"?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ????????-??????????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????-??????????? ???????? (?????????, 2016). ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????. g) ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? Ð?"?????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? (Hansen et al., 2015). ?????????? ? ???? ????? ??????, ????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? 30-40 ??? ?????????? (???, ???????, 2020). ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?, ? ??????? ????????????, ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????. ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????. ????? ???????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ?????, ? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????.???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???? ? ???? ???????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????, ???????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????????? (???????? ?????????) ?????????????? ? ??????????? ??? ????? ???. ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ? ???, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ??? ????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ? ????? ??????? ? 2005 ?. ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? 1500 ??????? (Kates et al., 2006). ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ? ????? ?????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????, ??? ? 2030 ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? 12,5 ???. ?? 2 (Chee et al., 2017). ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????. h) ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? (undesirable organisms) -??? ??? ???? ???????????????, ???????? ? ????????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? (????????? ???????????? ?????) (?????????, 2022?).????? ???????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ?????????????? ??????????? ????????: ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ?????????; ??????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????; ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???????; ?????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????????. ????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? «?????????????????? ???????» (????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???, ? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????????, ? ?.?. ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????. ?????? ? ???, ? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ??????????. ?? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????????? ?? 2 ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ? ???????. ?????? ????? ? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???????. ???????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? (Bradley ?t al., 2010), ???????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????. ?????? ? ???, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????.? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ? ?????????????? ? ???????????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????. Ð?"??????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????. ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????????, ??? ???????????? ???????????? ? ??., 2015). ????????????? ? ????????????? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?? ????????????? ? ??? ??????? ???????. Ð?"?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? Robinson et al., 2020; Dai et al., 2022). ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? 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