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\title{The Environmental Dimensions of Iraqi Urban Legislation and Laws they Specialize in Environmental Protection Legislation}
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             \author[1]{Ghada Mohammed  Younis}

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\date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970}

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\begin{abstract}
        


The legislation and laws related to protection against the natural environment aim to achieve a balance between what is taken from the natural environment and what can be achieved to protect it by the contemporary ideas of the international organizations of Earth Day and environmental protection organizations. That legislation has directed reflections on the protections against urban and architectural environments that are achieved by activating the role of the institutions under the names of environmental protection to adopt basic legislation for protecting the urban and architectural environment. The general problem of research is to determine the shortcomings of the environmental dimensions of Iraqi legislation, laws, and instructions, and the reality of the control system in the light of the renewable mechanisms in this area. The research aimed to assess the status of the local legislative system through a practical study to identify the category of specialists that are directly involved in the system (The planners, engineers, and designers). The research concluded to identify important indicators in the development and updating of the system of legislation to protect the urban and architectural environment, and the regulatory system following the principles of sustainable development, and investment of the characteristics of the environment and renewable energy, as well as activating the supervisory role and participation of the individuals themselves by raising awareness of the importance of environmental protection.

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\keywords{environment, legislation, urban, architecture, Iraq.}

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{{\textit{CrossRef DOI of original article:}} \underline{}}
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\section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par
he environment, both natural and man-made environments, represents all that surrounds man from the conditions and places that contain the various human activities. This activity reflects influences on the built and urban environment, and its components are the most important part of the human environment that he creates to organize his life from buildings, sectors, Institutions, and factories covering various aspects of civic life, social systems, and behavioral patterns. \hyperref[b0]{[1]} The urban environment specification was included within the objectives of the national policy of regional planning and sustainable development to restore the natural and built environment balance as the surrounding environment of urban expansion and extensive construction works reflected in all its effects on the characteristics of the environment and human health. \hyperref[b1]{[2]} It is noteworthy that many of the architectural problems facing the local community today in the field of the built environment are the result of the absence of legislation capable of simulating all the requirements of development, in addition, to the produced physical effects of surroundings and future implications. Because of the importance of laws, regulations, and legislation in human life, and due to the fact of the environmental dimension issue of legislation and laws is complex in detail, it used to be necessary to talk about the specialized part of these laws in the field of urban and architectural contexts. \hyperref[b2]{[3]} Also, their mutual relationship with the environment from its impact, in the sense of negatives and positives that arise of the existence of the environment built within the natural environment, to achieve a harmonious with environmental factors and minimum environmental damage, as the legislation governing urbanization and local management control, is one of the mechanisms affecting the level of This is in line with the view that the level of social development is measured by the extent of its capability to build its civilization. Architecture is the mirror of civilization that reflects it to other societies. Therefore, urban areas should be subject to legislation and instructions that include various aspects of the environment, subject to the authority of regulatory institutions working to manage and enforce those laws. \hyperref[b3]{[4]} The Environmental Dimensions of Iraqi Urban Legislation and Laws they Specialize in Environmental Protection Legislation\par
What is observed from the contents of the Iraqi legislation, laws, decisions, and regulations, even at the level of instructions for urban planning and housing was noticed a clear lack in the environmental dimensions of the most centers of attention on the issue of protecting the natural environment and the environment built on impact reduction. Additionally, neglecting the second part of the environment (built environments) is an as important step that can be taken to protect the environment itself, where deterioration in the natural environment, human health, and urban degradation environment built-in have a profound impact on humanity as part of life system \hyperref[b4]{[5]}. The general problem of research is to determine the shortcomings of the environmental dimensions of Iraqi legislation, laws, and instructions, and the reality of control systems in the light of the renewable mechanisms in this area. 
\section[{II. Environmental Dimensions of Urban Legislation a) The Environmental Dimension of Iraqi Urban Legislation}]{II. Environmental Dimensions of Urban Legislation a) The Environmental Dimension of Iraqi Urban Legislation}\par
Iraq in the past was called the blackness land for the intensity of its diversity of vegetation cover and the abundance of its water resources are mainly represented by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, today is suffering from the expansion of the desert areas with the decline in natural plant cover in most it is provinces suffering from the problems of environmental change that caused by many factors. The uncontrolled consumption of petroleum products, the spread of generators and the expansion of their flats, toxic emissions from industrial sectors and watercontaminated chemicals, lack of sanitation planning, and wars that happened in the country in recent years are the main most factors that led to to this situation. \hyperref[b2]{[3]} The urban planning projects of many local cities have been affected by the excessive increase in the random growth of urban areas causing a negative impact of these laws. The legislation has failed to comply with the contemporary requirements of society within the limits of successive developments. Given the growing environmental dangers represented by increasing air and water pollution problems, the Iraqi legislator's attention was aroused by the issuance of strict laws, regulations, procedures, and ways to implement them \hyperref[b5]{[6]}. To reach the environmental dimensions of urban legislation to be organized and controlled in real laws and legislation, a comprehensive view must be taken of the various aspects of the environment that are based on the definition of the term environment law. 
\section[{b) Legal Definition of the Environment}]{b) Legal Definition of the Environment}\par
The environment is defined as the sum of the spatial and social resources available at some time and place to satisfy human needs and aspirations, the natural environment in which man and other organisms live, the set of natural, dynamic, and social conditions that interactive as balance that provides a stable environment for human life \hyperref[b0]{[1]}. On the other hand, the environment can be defined by the adoption of two concepts that complement one another. First clarified by the biological environment that related to the human life itself from the growth and festivities, but also included the human relationship with other living creatures within one environment. Second is the surrounding environment. Each of the two environmental concepts contains natural resources, raw materials, and natural components of plants and animals, as well as habitat, weather factors, purity and pollution, and other characteristics of nature \hyperref[b1]{[2]}.\par
As for the legal definition of the environment, international legislation has defined the environment in the provisions of their laws as "the environment that includes living organisms and their contents, and the surrounding air, water, soil, and human habitation." The Iraqi legislator defined the environment as "surrounding with all its components living organisms and the effects of human economic, social and cultural activity). \hyperref[b1]{[2]} The limited and absolute legal concept of the environment following the recent scientific and industrial development of the world has made the environment a new value within the values of a society that seeks to preserve and protect it from any act that harms it. In most legal systems, the legislator has taken a narrow approach to define the concepts of the environment by limiting them to the basic elements of the natural environment that enter human beings such as water, air, and soil \hyperref[b4]{[5]}. 
\section[{III. Concept of Urban Planning and Environmental Protection}]{III. Concept of Urban Planning and Environmental Protection}\par
Urban planning plays an important role in the sustainable development of the environment, which is highly dependent on the development and investment of the environment and within the advanced levels of urban planning, architecture, and even urban services, to help create a vibrant and sustainable urban environment. Enhancing the role of planners in creating and forming residential or service communities that are environmentally integrated and sustainable through various mechanisms, such as: bringing the sectors closer together, identifying their important role in construction, community development, social and health quality, building local economy alternatives preposition out of the universal economy, and finally the protection of the natural ecological balance and work to preserve the restoration of natural elements that have been physical and existential distortion \hyperref[b6]{[7]}.\par
Kibel defines urban planning as "an objective creative process of how to make human life and facilitate its tasks so that the greatest possible freedom is available to the individual and the community to ensure that they live in peace and security." \hyperref[b7]{[8]} This approach illustrates urban planning. Minimize planning process is a mechanical process based on several requirements within the capacity and potential limitations because it has lacked flexibility in the movement possibilities, growth, and change in an unrealistic imaginary path, thus, the planner and designer for urban planning must be aware of a structure or model that can be developed or adopted \hyperref[b8]{[9]} \hyperref[b9]{[10]}. Many theories have reappeared in urban planning procedures that aim to find ways and solutions through which the elements of city distribution are balanced and orderly, creating a flexible and smooth relation between the various elements to secure the rest of the population. The urban regulators have managed to overcome many problems, but with the complexity of the components of the cities and the spread of new industrial sectors, there have been other problems that are more complex, and most Year 2022 important environmental pollution problems caused by industrial human activity production process that increase the industrial waste forms and like solid pollutants, visual pollutants, and water pollution. \hyperref[b7]{[8]} Urban planning as a concept is a logical and rational thinking methodology that is practiced by everyone at all levels, from the individual to the group, local, national, and regional management. This was related to the vision of the current and future life in the meaning of environmental conditions to achieve development and sustainability of the natural environment for both two time periods and then to develop the means and procedures to achieve them. There are many specifications of urban planning in multi-level and sectors, where we find strategic planning, local and regional planning, long-term, nearterm, and the development and regulation of land allocation and use to achieve the best possible form through two important things. First, what is the allocation of land, or the extent of the relationship between such allocation and the environmental risks caused, and the other, what land is not occupied by human activity and industry and the extent to which it can be used to avoid risks and environmental problems? \hyperref[b8]{[9]}  
\section[{a) Human Factors Affecting the Urban Environment}]{a) Human Factors Affecting the Urban Environment}\par
The most important of these factors is the demographic explosion, as a result of increasing the growth rate of the population in a short period. This factor can be considered one of the pollution factors that have negative effects on natural resource consumption. The Cairo conference in 1994 discussed the development and population growth to establish reasonable controls for this phenomenon. Overpopulation leads to increased pressure on the urban environment by increasing the demand for energy and food. As well as many problems will appear successively related to overpopulation phenomena that can be listed as urban overcrowding, expansion at the expense of agricultural land, the emergence of transport problems, and insufficiency of services and infrastructure. \hyperref[b6]{[7]}. The increasing of supply resources, service demands, failure of the economic system, and poverty lead to rural migration where this phenomenon is one of the most reasons that cause changes in the demography of cities and communities. \hyperref[b7]{[8]} There are several aspects of environmental failure represented by different types of pollution resulting from humans and their connection with the surrounding environment. This pollution can be listed as audio pollution (which is the noise of various human activities, industry, traffic, and markets) visual pollution (It includes urbanization of distorted and disturbing urban scenes that show a lack of taste and beauty), air pollution (which has a strong impact on human health) and water pollution (resulting from overlapping sewage systems with water supply systems) \hyperref[b11]{[12]}. 
\section[{IV. Iraqi Laws and Regulations related to Urban Planning and Environmental Protection}]{IV. Iraqi Laws and Regulations related to Urban Planning and Environmental Protection}\par
The legislation and regulations of the Iraqi planning laws are almost identical to the rules and regulations for the planning of areas and sectors, especially the residential ones. These laws should protect the environment, so it is necessary to identify the laws, regulations, and decisions that determine the importance of urban planning between the pros and cons to come up with a comprehensive vision and specific recommendations. As they note many of the architectural problems faced by the Iraqi community today in the field of the built environment are the result of the lack of legislation capable of simulating all growth and expansion and development to meet the aspirations. \hyperref[b8]{[9]} According to the research survey of the relevant Iraqi laws, these laws tend to adopt the narrow concept of the environment mentioned earlier in the protection of the environment (non-comprehensive protection of the environment built from the natural effects of the environment), so can be classified legislation and laws to the following:\par
1. Laws relating to urban planning for the protection of the environment 2. Decisions, regulations, and instructions for urban planning to environmental protection. 
\section[{Local Building criteria (Urban Housing Standards).}]{Local Building criteria (Urban Housing Standards).}\par
Table  {\ref (1}  The non-recyclable solid materials or the use resulting from the various activities are identified as wastes that constitute damage to health -sanitary building waste. 
\section[{Standards Urban Housing Standards (Ministry of Housing and Construction) Local Building Controls for Building Legislation for Baghdad Municipality (Structural Density and Repetition)}]{Standards Urban Housing Standards (Ministry of Housing and Construction) Local Building Controls for Building Legislation for Baghdad Municipality (Structural Density and Repetition)}\par
Source: researcher \hyperref[b10]{[11]} It is clear from the table of the Iraqi legislative laws, old or new, that it is very weak in dealing with environmental problems in all their forms. Most of these laws are not flexible and effective in addressing environmental problems. Most of these laws are not sufficiently flexible and effective in the face of environmental problems as they need to be re-evaluated and designed with different mechanisms to deal with these problems related to human health, investing natural resources, funding, and employment problems. 
\section[{V. Environmental Requirements of Legislation and Urban Laws}]{V. Environmental Requirements of Legislation and Urban Laws}\par
To construct the urban model and preserve the national heritage of any city, build social and economic structures aimed at the budget and equality between the components of civil society in all its components and different activities of life, the application of the principle of protecting the natural environment in all its components and elements, possibilities of investing in the development and sustainability of the urban environment new laws must be enacted. Therefore, in the formation of regulatory and legal systems, or the sense of legislation, regulations, such legislation should emerge from the basic environmental requirements that are effective in protecting the constructed urban environment, which must take its identity and its authority in legislation, as follow: details, as well as the heat of the ground, which steadily thinking of building under the surface of the earth.\par
2. Energy Sources: The sun is one of the most important and must be invested effectively as alternative energy from the available sources being cleaner, wind energy and its uses in the purification of streams of penetrating air to urban communities, the morphology of the land, the slanted areas towards the sun acquire more energy, directing buildings and its impact on the acquisition of heat (The cubic and central shape acquire heat from the four sides while the mass proximity reduces the thermal and optical acquisition), as well as the balance in the ratio of construction to green areas. 3. The use of Building Materials (raw): One of the most important requirements and most effective in dealing with the previous natural factors, in terms of retaining heat and sustainable construction and the characteristics of thermal insulation and voice and everything that would improve the health requirements of the details of the daily life of man.\par
[12]\par
VI. Principles of the Applications the Environmental Legislation to Protect the Urban Environment Given the close relationship between man and his environment represented by the physical and vital environment, including the living organisms, compositions of surrounding materials such as air, soil, and water, and indirect characteristics of the natural environment, appropriate laws should be enacted that could address many positive points. To ensure environmental protection in both natural and built the following principles must be adopted in the formulation, development, and application of legislation and laws: 1. The principle of sustainable development. 2. The principle of media and participation 3. The principle of integration and substitution of preventive activity.\par
a) The Principle of Sustainable Development One of the most important requirements of the process of community and economic development is the increase in the demand for natural resources, especially in the field of urban growth. Needs for raw materials in the construction process is the increasing demand for land uses, natural and agricultural characteristics changes, overcome the edges of rivers, which in turn reflects the increasing all pollution forms. Therefore, for the deterioration of the environmental system and the general situation of the natural environment, it is necessary to remain the legislative institution in the dialectic of a trade-off between increasing development and the increase in social and civil needs on the one hand and environmental degradation on the other.\par
Since the Stockholm Conference in 1972, studies have begun to focus on clarifying the links between the environment and development to adopt each other, and that development is in line with the achievement and improvement of living standards and the management of economic systems while preserving environmental resources so that future generations can live a decent life. \hyperref[b8]{[9]} The European Union at its 1992 conference stated that sustainable development is a method of organization and a strategy aimed at ensuring continuity over time in the framework of respecting the environment without threatening the natural resources necessary for human activity. Therefore, sustainable development is an attempt to reduce the conflict that leads to environmental degradation by finding a way to integrate the environment and the economy by meeting the needs of the present without destroying the ability of future generations to meet their life needs. \hyperref[b11]{[12]}. It is clear from the above that the protection of the urban environment based on the principle of sustainable development is linked to sustainable urbanization through the intelligent adaptation of urban areas and the provision of the living framework of the population without prejudice to the ability of natural systems to long-term production. \hyperref[b9]{[10]}. This is done in terms of the concept of dividing the environment for protection into two main systems: 1. Natural environment system with all its elements and natural resources of air, water, soil, and its natural production of raw materials and sources of energy, as well as their living interactions of climate, wind, and natural systems. 2. The built or artificial environment system is the physical environment and the social and civil system and all that man created to organize his life in all aspects of housing, education, industry, entertainment, economy, and others. 
\section[{b) Media and Participation Principle}]{b) Media and Participation Principle}\par
Many laws deal with the urban aspect and regulate and protect it in international legal legislation. This was done to enhance the role of individuals in environmental protection, which is done only by guaranteeing the right to information on environmental data. Protecting and preserving the environment ". \hyperref[b17]{[18]} The declaration at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 stipulates that "everyone should have access to environmental information held by the public authorities and related to the environment." The principle of the media has multiple images, including that the state provides the environmental information to the citizen, especially that has a direct or indirect impact, To encourage the participation of citizens through publicity and media to activate a broad partnership in the development of perceptions and proposals for Year 2022 appropriate environmental measures and procedures, as well as inviting citizens to study the environmental impacts expected on the environment resulting from the total human and urban activities \hyperref[b11]{[12]}. 
\section[{i. Principle of Participation in the Protection of the Urban Environment}]{i. Principle of Participation in the Protection of the Urban Environment}\par
The protection of the urban environment requires legal mechanisms and effective management of legislation, as well as the costs of operating and processing budgets of the regulatory system as well as the need for media cooperation in the consolidation of the principles of protection. \hyperref[b12]{[13]} The participation of individuals in the protection of the urban environment is an effective means of protecting and preserving them by contributing to the preparation and implementation of protection policies. The environment from the perspective of complementarity between the interests of individuals and the public interest, a practical principle that shifted from a rigid and interactive character of law that guaranteed the promotion of citizenship by respect for human rights as long as man was the essential element of the environment \hyperref[b13]{[14]}.\par
Principle 10 of the Conference of the Earth Summit Declaration in Rio de Janeiro 1992 recognizes that "education and public awareness are the best way to address environmental issues and the population involved in environmental decision-making". The adoption of the principle of information and participation and adoption as a goal in the national legislation to protect the urban environment is reflected in three forms of human rights: the right to access environmental information, the right to participate in environmental decision-making, and the right to resort to justice \hyperref[b11]{[12]}. 
\section[{c) Principle of Integration, Substitution, and Preventive Activity}]{c) Principle of Integration, Substitution, and Preventive Activity}\par
The principle of integration is one of the fundamental principles in the protection of the environment and is related to the public interest. It enshrines the human right to a healthy and healthy environment and the right of future generations in this environment. The Declaration of the Earth Summit states: "Peace, development, and environmental protection are intertwined and inseparable." \hyperref[b16]{[17]} The integration of organizations related to the protection of the environment, the sustainable development in the preparation of urban plans and programs and their applications, the important role of the urban environment in preventing the spread of environmental degradation in both natural and constructed nests or imbalances of their nests, Sustainable development to improve the living conditions of the citizen on the one hand and the conservation of resources and rationalization of consumption on the other are all the aspect's that must take into account when adjusting new laws. \hyperref[b10]{[11]} The use of the principle of integration in the protection of the urban environment leads to the combination of the goals of social and economic development and social welfare to provide adequate housing for the elimination of fragile construction, not only by the adoption of the quantitative side but must be adopted quality that respects environmental factors as a right for future generations. \hyperref[b11]{[12]}. 
\section[{i. Principle of Substitution and Preventive Activity}]{i. Principle of Substitution and Preventive Activity}\par
The principle of substitution plays an essential role in protecting the urban environment through the replacement of harmful work to the environment with other work that is less harmful and dangerous to it. \hyperref[b17]{[18]} This latter activity, even if its cost is high, is as long as it is appropriate for the values of environmental protection. By adopting this principle and activating it in the field of the urban environment, contaminated energy can be replaced with a clean card such as solar heating. The multi-facades of buildings can be replaced by facades inspired by their environment and their cultural heritage, and the replacement of roofed materials with environmental raw materials such as wood, stone, and local materials. Waste recycling, replace the discharge of sewage work by recycling, filtering, and exploiting for agricultural purposes \hyperref[b13]{[14]}. 
\section[{VII. The Case Study}]{VII. The Case Study}\par
The objective of this article is to get the spotlight on the environmental dimensions of Iraqi urban legislation and laws and the specialization of environmental protection legislation. To increase knowledge about a conceptual understanding of the nature of legislation with environmental exclusion from the protection of the natural or constructed environment, or for the exploitation of natural resources from climate factors and clean energy, the study was carried out to evaluate the environmental legislation system by the employees in the field of planning, design, and implementation. \hyperref[b11]{[12]} Control systems and their role in controlling the effective application of such legislation and regulations according to the community segments working at the level of control were taken into account in this study. The evaluation was conducted through a questionnaire form for a sample composed of architectural staff of the Department of Architecture and civil engineering at the University of Mosul (30), considering that it is the community system closest to all the engineering specialties of planning, design, and implementation through the technical and professional team of engineering offices, As well as dealing directly with the regulatory bodies that govern the controls and engineering laws. The questions were addressed according to five main axes according to the following: Statistical Processing: The questionnaire application supported by Google Forms for questionnaire evaluation was adopted through a descriptive approach for the study variables and the SPSS-10 correlation method, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 variables for the first axis, V7, V8, V9, V10, V11, V12, for second axis, V13, V14, V15, V16, V17, V18 for the third axis, V19, V20, V21, V22, V23, V24, for fourth axis, V25, V26, V27, V28, V29) for the fifth axis.© 2022 Global Journals 
\section[{VIII. Results}]{VIII. Results}\par
The SPSS program referred to the statistical processing of the data obtained in the questionnaire for the study. Several indicators of importance in determining the level of awareness of the specialized sector (planners, engineers, and designers) in dealing with the legislation and laws related to urban and architectural planning and design, which are designed to protect the natural and urban environment Both as follows:\par
Source: SPSS\par
The results of the evaluation of local legislation, laws, and regulations for the protection of the environment: The highest level of non-agreement with the value of (2.75), although the system of legislation of waste collection areas and standards of industrial sectors and radio and mobile broadcasting stations achieved its goal in protecting the natural and urban environment. (2.5) With the comprehensive laws and legislation protecting the environment, all aspects and elements of the urban environment and the system of legislation planning the basis of cities and the urban environment requires the use of land and limit abuses, while the rest of the variables confined to a convention to some extent. The results of the legislation focus on the investment of natural environment factors: the highest level of the agreement (1.16) with the legislation, which invests nature factors (heat, wind, sun, and underground heat) in supporting and attributing the characteristics of the physical environment to reduce the speed of degradation. Renewable resources in enhancing the characteristics of the urban environment and prepare an environmental emergency plan to absorb the environmental conditions that are emerging to reduce the speed of environmental degradation, especially the infrastructure and services, and the inclusion the principle of protecting human health (physical and psychological).\par
IX. Conclusions 1. The system of local legislation, laws, and decisions for the protection of the environment lacks comprehensiveness of all environmental aspects and is limited to the general aspects of land use and urban planning of the street system and the signing of industrial facilities and broadcasting stations and mobile, and neglect of the detailed aspects of the natural environment first and the urban environment II, through planning standards and specifications Urbanism is the most important in environmental conservation and based on activating the characteristics of the environment and investing in improving the urban and urban environment.  
\section[{V8}]{V8}\par
Inclusion of legislation based on the application and control of all stakeholders in the degradation of the natural and urban environment. 
\section[{V9}]{V9}\par
Effectiveness of SAIs in reducing excesses and changes in the pattern of land use and thus reducing environmental degradation. 
\section[{V10}]{V10}\par
The role of legislative exceptions in the binding procedures for the application of environmental protection legislation and laws. 
\section[{V11}]{V11}\par
The need for SAIs responsible for implementing legislation to reconsider their structure and their representative bodies. 
\section[{V12}]{V12}\par
Keep pace with regulatory bodies responsible for enforcing environmental protection laws for technological and technological advances in regulatory means. 
\section[{The proposed legislation complementary to the current laws to reduce environmental degradation:}]{The proposed legislation complementary to the current laws to reduce environmental degradation:}\par
Questions Agree Agree somewhere Not Agree 
\section[{V13}]{V13}\par
Coordinate national efforts to protect the environment, including a strategy for integration and coordination with global environmental protection legislation. 
\section[{V14}]{V14}\par
Develop a general policy for the protection of the environment from the preparation of plans and programs necessary for sustainable development. 
\section[{V15}]{V15}\par
Approving the systems of monitoring and measuring elements of the environment and its components and follow-up through the research center to ensure global standards. 
\section[{V16}]{V16}\par
Approval of systems for monitoring and measuring the level of degradation and degradation of both the natural and urban environment and the use of periodic surveying devices. 
\section[{V17}]{V17}\par
Conduct research studies related to environmental protection laws by involving planning, engineering, and vocational teams. 
\section[{V18}]{V18}\par
The legislation of supplementary laws that are based on the causes leading to the excess and the disappearance of the environment more than the limit only. 
\section[{The proposed principles for the renewed application of legislation and laws to protect the urban environment:}]{The proposed principles for the renewed application of legislation and laws to protect the urban environment:}\par
Question Agree Agree somewhere Not Agree 
\section[{V19}]{V19}\par
To legislate the principle of sustainable development to achieve a balance between increasing societal needs and between environmental and urban degradation. 
\section[{V20}]{V20}\par
Intelligent adaptation of urban legislation to provide the living framework of the population without compromising the ability of natural ecosystems for long-term production. 
\section[{V21}]{V21}\par
Raise public awareness by improving the vision of individuals, communities, and institutions in their responsibilities to protect the environment. 
\section[{V22}]{V22}\par
Everyone should have the right to access the environmental information held by the legislative institution for awareness of its role in protecting the environment. 
\section[{V23}]{V23}\par
The right of individuals to participate in environmental decisionmaking and the right to seek justice when they violate their rights to live with dignity. 
\section[{V24}]{V24}\par
To legislate the principle of substitution and precautionary measures by replacing harmful work to the environment with less harmful damage, even at a higher cost. Year 2022 
\section[{Legislation by investing factors of the natural environment:}]{Legislation by investing factors of the natural environment:}\par
Questions Agree Agree somewhere Not Agree V25 Legislation to invest factors of nature (heat, wind, sunlight, and heat underground) in supporting and attributing the characteristics of the physical environment to reduce the speed of degradation. 
\section[{V26}]{V26}\par
Legislation using clean energy alternatives and renewable resources in enhancing the characteristics of the urban environment. 
\section[{V27}]{V27}\par
Legislation using local building materials is the most adapted to its natural producing environment. 
\section[{V28}]{V28}\par
Preparation of an environmental emergency plan to accommodate the emerging environmental conditions to reduce the speed of environmental deterioration, especially the infrastructure and service. 
\section[{V29}]{V29}\par
Incorporate the principle of protecting human health (physical and psychological) in defining environmental pollution control controls.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}1 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}1 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}}\end{figure}
  \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.819302615193026\textwidth}P{0.005292652552926525\textwidth}P{0.015877957658779574\textwidth}P{0.009526774595267745\textwidth}}
2. The local regulatory system adopts the principle of violation and the fine to oblige individuals to implement environmental legislation (which is always exceeded by exceptions and temporary improvisation decisions). This is a narrow perspective of control and does not give the individual the leading role in censorship by developing an awareness of the importance of preserving the environment and adopting the principle of Participation and integration in the activation of such legislation, and this is what States aspire to in their current vision to protect the urban environment. V7 Effectiveness of existing legislation on the application and control of legal violations and mandatory penalties in reducing 3. Questions environmental degradation and transgression.\tabcellsep Agree\tabcellsep Agree somewhere\tabcellsep Not Agree\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{The Environmental Dimensions of Iraqi Urban Legislation and Laws they Specialize in Environmental Protection Legislation} 		 		\backmatter  			 \par
Appendix (1)    
\subsection[{Questionnaire Form-Environmental Dimensions of Urban Laws and Legislation}]{Questionnaire Form-Environmental Dimensions of Urban Laws and Legislation}\par
The process of assessing the environmental dimensions of legislation, laws, and regulations relating to the protection of the natural environment and the urban environment requires a comprehensive view of the local legislation and laws, and possible complementary and supportive legislations of what exists, and the study of the mechanism of application and control of the regulatory bodies by adopting principles of application arising from public and institutional awareness Legislation and contribution to application and control.\par
Please specify the level of agreement with the terms of the main points of the questionnaire through your vision and interaction in the field of professional engineering and consulting work, as follows:\par
1. General questions:  
\subsection[{Evaluation of local legislation, laws, and regulations for environmental protection:}]{Evaluation of local legislation, laws, and regulations for environmental protection:}\par
Questions Agree Agree somewhere Not Agree 
\subsection[{V1}]{V1}\par
Inclusion of environmental protection laws and regulations All aspects and elements of the natural environment. 
\subsection[{V2}]{V2}\par
Inclusive environmental protection laws and regulations All aspects and elements of the urban environment. 
\subsection[{V3}]{V3}\par
The system of environmental protection legislation lacks flexibility, transparency, and clarity. 
\subsection[{V4}]{V4}\par
System of legislation The basic planning of cities and the urban environment necessitates the use of land and limit abuses. 
\subsection[{V5}]{V5}\par
The system of local building control legislation helps to improve the performance of planning and design work with the competent authorities. 
\subsection[{V6}]{V6}\par
The system of legislation of waste collection areas and standards of industrial sectors and radio and mobile broadcasting stations is aimed at protecting the natural and urban environment.			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
