1. Introduction
gate has been provided at the entry of the parking space which opens on the arrival or departure of a car.A display section has been provided which consist of status signal and a display sowing the number of the number of the cars space available in the parking space at any point of time .after the maximum number cars have entered the parking space the gate is automatically disabled or closed for vehicles seeking entry into the parking lot. In this project Microcontroller ATtiny26 is used. The software for the microcontroller is written in BASCOM-AVR (a powerful basic complier) which is capable of creating a hex file. The hex file code can be burnt into the microcontroller using any commonly available programmer or kit or burner. The line LCD display, stepper motor, power supply also the key parameters of this project.
Authors ? ? : B. Sc in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh. e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] II.
2. Description of a ATtiny26(l) Microcontroller & IRFZ44
The ATtiny26(L) is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle,the ATtiny26(L) achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the systemdesigner to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers.All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clockcycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up toten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. The ATtiny26(L) has a high precision ADC with up to 11 single ended channels and 8 differential channels. Sevendifferential channels have an optional gain of 20x. Four out of the seven differential channels, which have the optional gain, can be used at the same time. The ATtiny26(L)also has a high frequency 8-bit PWM module with two independent outputs. Two of the PWM outputs have inverted nonoverlapping output pins ideal for synchronous rectification.The Universal Serial Interface of the ATtiny26(L) allows efficient softwareimplementation of TWI (Two-wire Serial Interface) or SM-bus interface. XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
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3. Stepper Motor
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the direction of motor shafts rotation. The speed of the Design of an Automated Car Parking System by using Microcontroller XIII Issue XVI Version I 2 ( ) Year motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.
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4. ATtiny26(l) Block Diagram
5. Reason of using Mosfet
Discrete power MOSFETs employ semiconductor processing techniques that are similar to those of today's VLSI circuits, although the device. The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is based on the original field-effect transistor introduced in the invention of the power MOSFET was partly driven by the limitations of bipolar power junction transistors (BJTs) which, until recently, was the device of choice in power electronics applications. Although it is not possible to define absolutely the operating boundaries of a power device, we will loosely refer to the power device as any device that can switch at least 1A. The bipolar power transistor is a current controlled device. A large base drive current as high as one-fifth of the collector current is required to keep the device in the ON state. Also, higher reverse base drive currents are required to obtain fast turn-off. Despite the very advanced state of manufacturability and lower costs of BJTs, these limitations have made the base drive circuit design more complicated and hence more expensive than the MOSFET.
| Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz | Active 16 MHz, 5V and 25°C: Typ 15 mA | ||
| Data and Non-volatile Program Memory: | Active 1 MHz, 3V and 25°C: 0.70 mA | ||
| 2K Bytes of In-System Programmable Program | Idle Mode 1 MHz, 3V and 25°C: 0.18 mA | ||
| Memory Flash | Power-down Mode: < 1 ?A | ||
| Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles | IRFZ44: N channel power MOSFET. Continuous Drain | ||
| 128 Bytes of In-System Programmable EEPROM | current 36A with V GS =10V | ||
| Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles | III. | Pin Descriptions | |
| 128 Bytes Internal SRAM Programming Lock for Flash Program and EEPROM Data Security | VCC GND AVCC | Digital supply voltage pin. Digital ground pin. AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and | |
| Peripheral Features: 8-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Pre scaler 8-bit High-speed Timer with Separate Pre scaler 2 High Frequency PWM Outputs with Separate Output Compare Registers Non-overlapping Inverted PWM Output Pins Universal Serial Interface with Start Condition Detector 10-bit ADC 11 Single Ended Channels 8 Differential ADC Channels 7 Differential ADC Channel Pairs with Programmable Gain (1x, 20x) On-chip Analog Comparator External Interrupt Pin Change Interrupt on 11 Pins Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator Special Microcontroller Features: Modes Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection External and Internal Interrupt Sources Low Power Idle, Noise Reduction, and Power-down | These featuresallow for highly integrated battery charger and lighting ballast applications, low-end thermostats,and fire detectors, among other applications.The ATtiny26(L) provides 2K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes EEPROM, 128 bytes SRAM, upto 16 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, the A/D Converter (ADC). It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter. Port A (PA7..PA0) Port A is an 8-bit general purpose I/O port. PA7..PA0 are all I/O pins that can provide internal pull-ups (selected for each bit). Port A has alternate functions as analog inputs for the ADC and analog comparator and pin change interrupt as described in "AlternatePort B (PB7..PB0) Port B is an 8-bit XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and two 8-bitTimer/XIII Issue XVI Version I 51 ( ) Year input to the internal clock operating circuit. | ||
| In-System Programmable via SPI Port | |||
| Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator | |||
| I/O and Packages: | |||
| 20-lead PDIP/SOIC: 16 Programmable I/O Lines | |||
| 32-lead QFN/MLF: 16 programmable I/O Lines | |||
| Operating Voltages: | |||
| 2.7V -5.5V for ATtiny26L | High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit | ||
| 4.5V -5.5V for ATtiny26 | Microcontroller | ||
| Speed Grades: | RISC Architecture: | ||
| 0 -8 MHz for ATtiny26L | Powerful Instructions -Most Single Clock Cycle | ||
| 0 -16 MHz for ATtiny26 | Execution | ||
| Power Consumption at 1 MHz, 3V and 25°C for ATtiny26L | 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers Fully Static Operation | ||