Adaptive Climate Actions

Table of contents

1.

ensuring the safety of the population and reducing the damage caused by climate change. Catastrophic phenomena that occur during the global transformation of climatic conditions are diverse. Therefore, the development of various Adaptive Climate Actions is required. The most important is to minimize the negative effects of catastrophic events such as floods, rising ocean levels, abnormal floods droughts, forest fires, reduced crop yields, the spread of undesirable organisms and ecological frustrations. Some dangerous phenomena and processes develop simultaneously and are interdependent. In these cases, it is advisable to develop integrated programs combining several different activities. Adaptive Climate Actions addresses issues that are critical to many people's daily lives and should be prioritized in the allocation of climate finance. This approach is likely to be resisted by numerous environmental officials. However, the measures they are taking to combat climate change do not have a tangible effect and will not give it in the future. Since in different periods of the Earth's existence, the climate and the content of CO 2 in the atmosphere were subject to significant fluctuations. And against the background of these fluctuations, limiting the volume of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases cannot play a significant role.On the contrary, the development of integrated programs of Adaptive Climate Actions will eventually mitigate the negative effects of climate change.

Keywords: adaptive climate actions, ocean level rise, abnormal droughts and floods, forest fires, reduced crop yields, the spread of undesirable organisms, ecological frustrations.

2. ???????????-

Note: ?????????????
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(Tabari, 2020; Bucherie et al., 2022), ??? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????.??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? (water resources logistics) ?.?. ???????????????? ??????, ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? (?????????, 2017; 2020a; Suzdaleva et al., 2017). ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? (?????????, Ð?"???????, 2014; ?????????, 2015a). ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? -????????????, ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???, ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? (?????????, 2022b). ???????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????. ?????????????, ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????-????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??? ? ????????-???????, ?????????? ?? ??????????, ??? ? ? ????????-???????????, ???????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????. d) ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? 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(Typograph bar kbeetle) (???. -Ipstypographus), ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????. ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????, ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ????????. e) ???????? ??????? ???????????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????????? ?????????, ? ?.?. ???????? ???????? ??????? (Lesk et al., 2016). ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ?????, ?? ? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ? ?????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? (Nelson et al., 2013). ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? (Froehlich et al., 2018). ? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????? (?????????, 2020b). Ð?"????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ???????, ?? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????. ??? ? ????????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ???????, ???????????? ?? ???????, ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????????. ?????????? ??????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????, ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? (?????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ? ??.) (?????????, Ð?"???????, 2018). ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????????????? ???????, ????????? ? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? (Bhatta et al., 2017; Palomo, 2017).? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????, ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????. ????????, ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ?????? 3 ?????? ? ???, ? ???????? ???????? ?????? (Liu, 2022). f) ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? (?????????, 2015b). ???????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? (ecosystem services). ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? (Performance ?, 2012; Pramova et al., 2012;). ?? ? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? (provisioning services) -??????? ? ????????? ???????? (????????, ?????????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ?? ?????????), ?????????? ?? ?????????, ? ?????????? ?????? (cultural services), ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????????. ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? (Nelson et al., 2013). ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? (???????????, ???????????) ? ????????? ?? ??????. ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????-???????????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? (indigenous peoples), ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????. Ð?"????????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? (????, ????), ??? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? (Locatelli, 2016). ??? ???????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????. Ð?"?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ????????-??????????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????-??????????? ???????? (?????????, 2016). ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????. g) ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? Ð?"?????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? (Hansen et al., 2015). ?????????? ? ???? ????? ??????, ????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? 30-40 ??? ?????????? (???, ???????, 2020). ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?, ? ??????? ????????????, ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????. ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????. ????? ???????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ?????, ? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????.???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???? ? ???? ???????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????, ???????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????????? (???????? ?????????) ?????????????? ? ??????????? ??? ????? ???. ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ? ???, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ??? ????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ? ????? ??????? ? 2005 ?. ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? 1500 ??????? (Kates et al., 2006). ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ? ????? ?????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????, ??? ? 2030 ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? 12,5 ???. ?? 2 (Chee et al., 2017). ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????. h) ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? (undesirable organisms) -??? ??? ???? ???????????????, ???????? ? ????????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? (????????? ???????????? ?????) (?????????, 2022?).????? ???????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ?????????????? ??????????? ????????: ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ?????????; ??????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????; ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???????; ?????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????????. ????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? «?????????????????? ???????» (????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???, ? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????????, ? ?.?. ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????. ?????? ? ???, ? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ??????????. ?? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????????? ?? 2 ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ? ???????. ?????? ????? ? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???????. ???????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? (Bradley ?t al., 2010), ???????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????. ?????? ? ???, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????.? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ? ?????????????? ? ???????????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????. Ð?"??????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????. ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????????, ??? ???????????? ???????????? ? ??., 2015). ????????????? ? ????????????? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?? ????????????? ? ??? ??????? ???????. Ð?"?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? Robinson et al., 2020; Dai et al., 2022). ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? (Koncki, Aronson, 2015; ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????. Ð?"?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??????. ????????????? , ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????, ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? ???????????, ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????, ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????. ????????, ??? ????? ???? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????. II. ?????????? ????????? ? ????????????? ????? ????????????, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????-???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ? change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures//Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022. Year 2022 Year 2022 ( ) J ( ) J ( ) J J ( ) Year 2022 Year 2022 ???????????? ?????????????????. climate ??????????? ???????? (?????????????? ??????????-?????????? ????. ????????, ? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????,???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ? ? ???????? ????? ? ?? ?????????? ????????//??????? ??????????? ???????????? ocean warming//
1

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Date: 2022 1970-01-01